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) for PCOS are geared to assess and manage cardiometabolic risk, few screen for emotional and psychosexual well-being ( 4 ). Several studies have established a strong association and increased risk of anxiety, depression, body image distress, and
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) ( 20 ). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESD-R) and the participants’ health-related QoL was estimated with the 15D instrument ( 21 , 22 ). The CESD-R is a 20-item screening test
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concentrations, and history of anxiety and/or depression. Baseline PSQI, K10, and Tanner stage are shown in Table 2 . Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants. Data presented are mean (95% CI) or number (%). P -values <0.05 were
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maintain serum testosterone in the physiological range. Table 1 Possible sequelae of AAS abuse ( 8 ). Physical Psychological Biochemical Acne Depression Reduced testosterone Alopecia Increased anxiety Increased
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a small cohort of 43 boys with KS reported also lower psychosocial health scores, including QOL, low self-esteem, a poor self-concept, and a risk for depression ( 7 ). Men with KS might have a higher risk of experiencing discrimination due to their
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up to 3 months preceding the start of the trial, severe depression or other psychiatric disorder, alcohol and drug abuse, severe hepatic insufficiency, any level of renal insufficiency or calculosis of the urinary tract, gout, malignancy, previous
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investigating personality traits, anxiety, and depression, 69 men with KS were compared with male controls matched for age and years of education. Here, anxiety and depression symptoms were markedly increased in KS, and neuroticism was identified as having a
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with hypogonadism. These complaints include less sexual desire and function, lower testicular volume, decreased body hair, gynecomastia, decreased lean body mass and muscle strength, and complaints of fatigue and depression. Sexual desire and function
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school, which has led to feelings of inferiority, low self-esteem and depression ( 6 ). Furthermore, men with KS have an increased risk to develop a variety of mental and somatic disorders ( 7 ). Mental and somatic challenges, such as learning
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-wide association study of depression phenotypes in UK Biobank identifies variants in excitatory synaptic pathways . Nature Communications 2018 9 1470 . 51 Xue A , Wu Y , Zhu Z , Zhang F , Kemper KE , Zheng Z , Yengo L , Lloyd-Jones LR