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Sun Fei Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China

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Min Liu Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China

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Hu Shanshan Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China

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Ruijie Xie Department of Microsurgery, University of South China, Hengyang, China

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Wu Danni Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China

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Zhou Ningying Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China

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Introduction Depression is a collective term for a series of mental problems characterized by a loss of interest and enjoyment in daily life, low mood, and symptoms affecting emotional, cognitive, physical, and behavioral aspects ( 1

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Eva Olga Melin Department of Clinical Sciences, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Lund, Sweden
Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Växjö, Sweden
Region Kronoberg, Primary Care, Växjö, Sweden

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Jonatan Dereke Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes Research Laboratory, Lund, Sweden

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Maria Thunander Department of Clinical Sciences, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Lund, Sweden
Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Växjö, Sweden
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden

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Magnus Hillman Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes Research Laboratory, Lund, Sweden

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Introduction Depression is associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D), Alzheimer’s disease, increased coronary heart disease and both coronary and all-cause mortality ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). T1D has a serious impact on mental health, indicated by the more

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Waleed K W Al-Badri Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Hinke Marijke Jellema Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Arnaud R G G Potvin Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Ruth M A van Nispen Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Peter H Bisschop Department of Endocrinology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Peerooz Saeed Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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reliable assessment tool for patients, even to evaluate the effects of different treatments ( 7 , 8 , 9 ). Furthermore, many studies have reported the association of thyroid dysfunction and GD with psychiatric disorders, mainly depression and anxiety

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Greta B Raglan Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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Louis A Schmidt Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behavior, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Jay Schulkin Department of Research, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

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the presentation of clinical disorders. Depression and anxiety Although diagnostic criteria for anxiety and depressive disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder are unique and diverse, they are generally

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Lukas Engler Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munchen, Germany

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Christian Adolf Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munchen, Germany

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Daniel A Heinrich Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munchen, Germany

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Anna-Katharine Brem Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
Division of Interventional Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Anna Riester Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munchen, Germany

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Anna Franke Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munchen, Germany

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Felix Beuschlein Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munchen, Germany

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Martin Reincke Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munchen, Germany

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Axel Steiger Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany

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Heike Künzel Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munchen, Germany

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Introduction Patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) are thought to be a natural model for chronic aldosterone excess, showing significantly higher scores for depression and anxiety compared to the general population, with females being more

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Yen Kheng Tan Duke-NUS Medical School, SingHealth, Singapore, Singapore

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Yu Heng Kwan Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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David Choon Liang Teo Department of Psychological Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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Marieke Velema Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Jaap Deinum Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Pei Ting Tan Department of Clinical Trials Research Unit, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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Meifen Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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Joan Joo Ching Khoo Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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Wann Jia Loh Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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Linsey Gani Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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Thomas F J King Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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Eberta Jun Hui Tan Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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Shui Boon Soh Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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Vanessa Shu Chuan Au Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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Tunn Lin Tay Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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Lily Mae Quevedo Dacay Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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Keng Sin Ng Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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Kang Min Wong Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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Andrew Siang Yih Wong Department of Surgery, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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Foo Cheong Ng Department of Urology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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Tar Choon Aw Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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Yvonne Hui Bin Chan Duke-NUS Medical School, SingHealth, Singapore, Singapore

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Khim Leng Tong Department of Cardiology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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Sheldon Shao Guang Lee Department of Cardiology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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Siang Chew Chai Department of Cardiology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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Troy Hai Kiat Puar Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

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depression ( 4 , 5 ). Generally, bilateral PA is treated with mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists, while unilateral PA is managed with unilateral adrenalectomy ( 6 ). Studies have found better cardiovascular events and HRQoL outcomes following

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Eva O Melin Department of Clinical Sciences, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Department of Research and Development, Växjö, Sweden
Primary Care, Växjö, Sweden

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Jonatan Dereke Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Diabetes Research Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

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Maria Thunander Department of Clinical Sciences, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Department of Research and Development, Växjö, Sweden
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden

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Magnus Hillman Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Diabetes Research Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

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pathogenesis of DR occurs by alterations in multiple biochemical pathways, which involve several metabolic, inflammatory and endocrine responses ( 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 ). Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder worldwide with great impact not only on

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Sheila Leone Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy

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Lucia Recinella Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy

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Annalisa Chiavaroli Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy

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Claudio Ferrante Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy

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Giustino Orlando Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy

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Michele Vacca Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy

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Roberto Salvatori Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

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Luigi Brunetti Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy

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pituitary GH secretion. We have also observed that −/− mice have decreased anxiety- and depression-related behaviour ( Figs 7 and 8 ), excluding any stress-induced behavioural inhibition, confirming previous results ( 12 ). Additionally, −/− mice

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Dorte Glintborg Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Magda Lambaa Altinok Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Pernille Ravn Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Kurt Bjerregaard Stage Department of Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Kurt Højlund Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Marianne Andersen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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obesity predicts the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in PCOS ( 3 ). Furthermore, obesity predicted poor quality of life in women with PCOS ( 4 ), and the risk of depression was 2–5 times increased in PCOS ( 5 , 6 ). PCOS is characterized by

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Meghnaa Hebbar College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Halimah Khalil College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Nawal Zia College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Jameela Sheikh College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Eka Melson University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

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Meri Davitadze Clinic NeoLab, Tbilisi, Georgia

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Helena Gleeson Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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Tejal Lathia Apollo Hospitals, Mumbai, India

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Chitra Selvan Department of Endocrinology, M S Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, India

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Punith Kempegowda Clinic NeoLab, Tbilisi, Georgia
Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom

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PCOS SEva Working Group
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PCOS SEva Working Group

) for PCOS are geared to assess and manage cardiometabolic risk, few screen for emotional and psychosexual well-being ( 4 ). Several studies have established a strong association and increased risk of anxiety, depression, body image distress, and

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