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Leanne Hodson Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Oxford University Hospital Trusts, Oxford, UK

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Fredrik Karpe Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Oxford University Hospital Trusts, Oxford, UK

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hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism by direct and indirect mechanisms ( 1 ). For example portal insulin acts on the liver to directly activate glycogen synthesis and de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and inhibit gluconeogenesis, whilst peripherally insulin may

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Karim Gariani Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland

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François R Jornayvaz Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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of carbohydrates leading to de novo lipogenesis) ( 2 , 13 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ). Nevertheless, some endocrine diseases are also associated with NAFLD and NASH ( Table 1 ), and their pathophysiology will be discussed. Table 1 Endocrine

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Yu Lin State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Yingying Zhang State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Lei Xu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng, People’s Republic of China

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Wei Long State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Chunjian Shan State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Hongjuan Ding State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Lianghui You State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Chun Zhao State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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Zhonghua Shi State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

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novo lipogenesis ( 21 ). Results of microarray analysis showed that pathways associated with pyruvate metabolism and TCA cycle were down-regulated, meaning that the de novo lipogenesis is suppressed, which in turn leads to the decrease of fat

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Xu Chen Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

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Yi Tang Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

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Shen Chen Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

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Wenhua Ling Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

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Qing Wang Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

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hepatic de novo lipogenesis and may serve as a biomarker of NAFLD progression ( 21 ). Here, we combined two datasets from GSE database and found that hepatic IGFBP-2 expression as a hub gene was also reversely associated with steatosis and serum ALT

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Huixing Liu Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Daoquan Peng Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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hypothyroidism. The altered functions are labeled in the presence of hypothyroidism. Red arrows mark actions of declined TH, and blue arrows mark actions of elevated TSH. TH decreases in hypothyroidism and then de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and the activity of HMG

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J Chycki Department of Sports Training, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland

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A Zajac Department of Sports Training, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland

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M Michalczyk Department of Sports Nutrition, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland

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A Maszczyk Department of Methodology and Statistics, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland

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J Langfort Department of Sports Nutrition, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland

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de novo lipogenesis . International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 2004 28 ( Supplement 4 ) S3 – S11 . ( https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802852 ) 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802852) 13 Henderson GC Fattor JA Horning MA Faghihnia

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David Koeckerling Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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Jeremy W Tomlinson Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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Jeremy F Cobbold Oxford Liver Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK

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lipid export or degradation is exceeded by lipid import or synthesis. Main sources of hepatic lipid aggregation are a flux of free fatty acids (FFA) from peripheral adipose tissue (59%), followed by hepatic de novo lipogenesis (26%) and dietary intake

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Peter Wolf Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Yvonne Winhofer Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Martin Krššák Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Michael Krebs Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia ( 71 ). It remains to be investigated whether this is due to increased lipid oxidation promoted by GH and IGF-1 or due to alterations in hepatic lipid metabolism, i.e. de novo lipogenesis and lipolysis

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Renea A Taylor Department of Physiology, Cancer Program and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Victoria 3800, Australia

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Jennifer Lo Department of Physiology, Cancer Program and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Victoria 3800, Australia

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Natasha Ascui Department of Physiology, Cancer Program and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Victoria 3800, Australia

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Matthew J Watt Department of Physiology, Cancer Program and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Victoria 3800, Australia

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triglycerides contained in circulating very low density lipoproteins and chylomicrons, fatty acids derived from adipose tissue lipolysis or de novo lipogenesis, which is the production of fatty acids from acetyl CoA that is mainly derived from glucose

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Stephen J Winters Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

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Charles R Scoggins Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

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Duke Appiah Department of Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA

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Dushan T Ghooray Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

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Expert Panel Statement . Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental 2017 71 17 – 32 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2017.02.014 ) 32 Softic S Cohen DE Kahn CR Role of dietary fructose and hepatic de novo lipogenesis in fatty liver disease

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