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Heike Hoyer-Kuhn
Heike Hoyer-Kuhn
Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Angela Huebner
Angela Huebner
Department of Paediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Anette Richter-Unruh
Anette Richter-Unruh
University Children’s Hospital Bochum, Bochum, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
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Markus Bettendorf
Markus Bettendorf
University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Tilman Rohrer
Tilman Rohrer
University Children’s Hospital Homburg, Homburg, Germany
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Klaus Kapelari
Klaus Kapelari
University Children’s Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Stefan Riedl
Stefan Riedl
Department of Pediatric, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
St.Anna Kinderspital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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St.Anna Kinderspital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Klaus Mohnike
Klaus Mohnike
Department of Biometrics, Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
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Helmuth-Günther Dörr
Helmuth-Günther Dörr
University Children’s Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Friedrich-Wilhelm Roehl
Friedrich-Wilhelm Roehl
Department of Biometrics, Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
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Katharina Fink
Katharina Fink
Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Reinhard W Holl
Reinhard W Holl
Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Joachim Woelfle
Joachim Woelfle
University Children’s Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Introduction Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a hereditary autosomal recessive condition affecting adrenal steroidogenesis. Most of the cases (90–95%) are caused by mutations in the 21-hydroxylase gene ( CYP21A2 ) leading to
Mirjana Doknic
Mirjana Doknic
Neuroendocrine Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Marko Stojanovic
Marko Stojanovic
Neuroendocrine Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Ivan Soldatovic
Ivan Soldatovic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Belgrade, Serbia
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Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Belgrade, Serbia
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Tatjana Milenkovic
Tatjana Milenkovic
Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘Dr Vukan Cupic’, Belgrade, Serbia
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Vera Zdravkovic
Vera Zdravkovic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
University Children’s Clinic, Belgrade, Serbia
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University Children’s Clinic, Belgrade, Serbia
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Maja Jesic
Maja Jesic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
University Children’s Clinic, Belgrade, Serbia
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University Children’s Clinic, Belgrade, Serbia
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Sladjana Todorovic
Sladjana Todorovic
Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘Dr Vukan Cupic’, Belgrade, Serbia
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Katarina Mitrovic
Katarina Mitrovic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘Dr Vukan Cupic’, Belgrade, Serbia
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Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘Dr Vukan Cupic’, Belgrade, Serbia
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Rade Vukovic
Rade Vukovic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘Dr Vukan Cupic’, Belgrade, Serbia
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Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘Dr Vukan Cupic’, Belgrade, Serbia
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Dragana Miljic
Dragana Miljic
Neuroendocrine Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Dragan Savic
Dragan Savic
Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Mihajlo Milicevic
Mihajlo Milicevic
Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Aleksandar Stanimirovic
Aleksandar Stanimirovic
Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Vojislav Bogosavljevic
Vojislav Bogosavljevic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Sandra Pekic
Sandra Pekic
Neuroendocrine Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Emilija Manojlovic-Gacic
Emilija Manojlovic-Gacic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Aleksandar Djukic
Aleksandar Djukic
Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Danica Grujicic
Danica Grujicic
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Milan Petakov
Milan Petakov
Neuroendocrine Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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comparison of following subgroups: (i) according to etiology (congenital vs tumor-related vs idiopathic COGHD); (ii) COGHD treated in childhood with rhGH vs COGHD untreated with rhGH before TP; (iii) persistent vs transient GHD group after retesting in TP
Enora Le Roux
Enora Le Roux
Université de Paris, ECEVE UMR 1123, Inserm, Paris, France
AP-HP.Nord-Université de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Unité d’Épidémiologie Clinique, Inserm, Paris, France
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AP-HP.Nord-Université de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Unité d’Épidémiologie Clinique, Inserm, Paris, France
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Florence Menesguen
Florence Menesguen
AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service d’Endocrinologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, Centre de Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Centre de Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Paris, France
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Isabelle Tejedor
Isabelle Tejedor
AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service d’Endocrinologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, Centre de Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Centre de Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Paris, France
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Marc Popelier
Marc Popelier
AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Diabétologie, Paris, France
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Marine Halbron
Marine Halbron
AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Diabétologie, Paris, France
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Pauline Faucher
Pauline Faucher
AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Nutrition, Centre du Syndrome de Prader-Willi et Autres Obésités Rares, Paris, France
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Sabine Malivoir
Sabine Malivoir
AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service d’Endocrinologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, Centre de Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Centre de Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Paris, France
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Graziella Pinto
Graziella Pinto
AP-HP.Université de Paris Centre, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Département d’Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Paris, France; Centre de Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Centre de Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Paris, France
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Juliane Léger
Juliane Léger
AP-HP.Nord-Université de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, Service d’Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes de la Croissance et du Développement, Paris, France
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Stephane Hatem
Stephane Hatem
Institute of Cardiology and Nutrition, Paris, France
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Michel Polak
Michel Polak
AP-HP.Université de Paris Centre, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Département d’Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Paris, France; Centre de Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Centre de Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Paris, France
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Christine Poitou
Christine Poitou
AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Nutrition, Centre du Syndrome de Prader-Willi et Autres Obésités Rares, Paris, France
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Philippe Touraine
Philippe Touraine
AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service d’Endocrinologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, Centre de Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Centre de Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Paris, France
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involved, of the difficulties faced during transition by young adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and growth hormone deficiency ( 14 ). The need for development of such a programme was reinforced by a second survey
Lisette van Alewijk
Lisette van Alewijk
Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Kirsten Davidse
Kirsten Davidse
Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Karlijn Pellikaan
Karlijn Pellikaan
Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Judith van Eck
Judith van Eck
Department of Paediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Anita C S Hokken-Koelega
Anita C S Hokken-Koelega
Department of Paediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Academic Centre for Growth, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Dutch Growth Research Foundation, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Academic Centre for Growth, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Dutch Growth Research Foundation, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Theo C J Sas
Theo C J Sas
Department of Paediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Diabeter, National Diabetes Care and Research Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Diabeter, National Diabetes Care and Research Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Sabine Hannema
Sabine Hannema
Department of Paediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Aart J van der Lely
Aart J van der Lely
Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Laura C G de Graaff
Laura C G de Graaff
Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Academic Centre for Growth, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Academic Centre for Growth, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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pituitary hormone deficiencies ( n = 7), Klinefelter syndrome ( n = 6), 46, XY DSD ( n = 6) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia ( n = 5) were the most common (see Table 1 for details). Median age of participants was 17 years (IQR 17.0–18.0, range 15
Valentina Guarnotta
Valentina Guarnotta
Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Silvia Lucchese
Silvia Lucchese
Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Mariagrazia Irene Mineo
Mariagrazia Irene Mineo
Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Donatella Mangione
Donatella Mangione
Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Renato Venezia
Renato Venezia
Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Piero Luigi Almasio
Piero Luigi Almasio
Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Carla Giordano
Carla Giordano
Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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) ( 1 , 2 ). Insulin resistance with total, visceral, and hepatic adiposity is thought to be a major driver of such early maturation ( 3 , 4 ). Non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia or heterozygous carriers of 21-hydroxylase deficiency can
Britt J van Keulen
Britt J van Keulen
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Michelle Romijn
Michelle Romijn
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bibian van der Voorn
Bibian van der Voorn
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sophia Kinderziekenhuis, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Marita de Waard
Marita de Waard
Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, locations AMC and VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Michaela F Hartmann
Michaela F Hartmann
Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics, Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Johannes B van Goudoever
Johannes B van Goudoever
Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, locations AMC and VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Stefan A Wudy
Stefan A Wudy
Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics, Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Joost Rotteveel
Joost Rotteveel
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Martijn J J Finken
Martijn J J Finken
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, de Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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enrolled between March 30, 2012 and August 17, 2014, as previously described ( 16 ). Exclusion criteria were maternal intoxications during pregnancy, major congenital anomalies or birth defects, congenital infections, perinatal asphyxia, and use of cow
Thomas Reinehr
Thomas Reinehr
Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Children’s Hospital, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
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Martin Carlsson
Martin Carlsson
Endocrine Care, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York, USA
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Dionisios Chrysis
Dionisios Chrysis
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Cecilia Camacho-Hübner
Cecilia Camacho-Hübner
Endocrine Care, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York, USA
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children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia ( 7 ) and growth disorders such as normal short stature ( 4 , 8 , 9 ), constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) ( 9 , 10 , 11 ), and idiopathic short stature ( 12 ), it has been reported that adult
Letícia Ribeiro Oliveira
Letícia Ribeiro Oliveira
Interdisciplinary Group for Studies of Sex Determination and Differentiation (GIEDDS), School of Medical Sciences (FCM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Carlos Alberto Longui
Carlos Alberto Longui
Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericordia de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Guilherme Guaragna-Filho
Guilherme Guaragna-Filho
Interdisciplinary Group for Studies of Sex Determination and Differentiation (GIEDDS), School of Medical Sciences (FCM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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José Luiz Costa
José Luiz Costa
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Poison Control Center, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Poison Control Center, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Rafael Lanaro
Rafael Lanaro
Poison Control Center, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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David Antônio Silva
David Antônio Silva
Laboratory of Physiology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Clinical Hospital, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Maria Izabel Chiamolera
Maria Izabel Chiamolera
Fleury Group, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Maricilda Palandi de Mello
Maricilda Palandi de Mello
Interdisciplinary Group for Studies of Sex Determination and Differentiation (GIEDDS), School of Medical Sciences (FCM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics Engineering (CBMEG), UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics Engineering (CBMEG), UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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André Moreno Morcillo
André Moreno Morcillo
Department of Pediatrics, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Andrea Trevas Maciel-Guerra
Andrea Trevas Maciel-Guerra
Interdisciplinary Group for Studies of Sex Determination and Differentiation (GIEDDS), School of Medical Sciences (FCM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Gil Guerra-Junior
Gil Guerra-Junior
Interdisciplinary Group for Studies of Sex Determination and Differentiation (GIEDDS), School of Medical Sciences (FCM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Pediatrics, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Department of Pediatrics, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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with DSD ( 2 ). One of the most important challenge is the measurement of testosterone concentration ( 9 , 10 ), especially in the investigation of 46,XY DSD cases. DSD are congenital conditions in which chromosomal, gonadal or anatomical sex is
Maki Igarashi
Maki Igarashi
Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Tadayuki Ayabe
Tadayuki Ayabe
Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada
Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada
Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Keiko Matsubara
Keiko Matsubara
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Hatoko Sasaki
Hatoko Sasaki
Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Mayako Saito-Abe
Mayako Saito-Abe
Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Miori Sato
Miori Sato
Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Nathan Mise
Nathan Mise
Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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Akihiko Ikegami
Akihiko Ikegami
Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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Masayuki Shimono
Masayuki Shimono
Regional Center for Pilot Study of Japan Environment and Children’s Study, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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Reiko Suga
Reiko Suga
Regional Center for Pilot Study of Japan Environment and Children’s Study, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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Shouichi Ohga
Shouichi Ohga
Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Masafumi Sanefuji
Masafumi Sanefuji
Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Masako Oda
Masako Oda
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
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Hiroshi Mitsubuchi
Hiroshi Mitsubuchi
Department of Neonatology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
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Takehiro Michikawa
Takehiro Michikawa
Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Shin Yamazaki
Shin Yamazaki
Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Shoji Nakayama
Shoji Nakayama
Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Yukihiro Ohya
Yukihiro Ohya
Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Maki Fukami
Maki Fukami
Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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ratios. These results indicate that in healthy children, female-dominant aromatase activation precedes adrenarche. This notion provides an answer to the previously raised question of why serum testosterone levels of a girl with congenital aromatase
Min Yang
Min Yang
Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Xiangling Deng
Xiangling Deng
Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Shunan Wang
Shunan Wang
Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Bo Zhou
Bo Zhou
Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wenquan Niu
Wenquan Niu
Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhixin Zhang
Zhixin Zhang
International Medical Services, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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in Tangshan were selected. Within each district, 5 kindergartens were selected, and 30 kindergartens were included finally. Children who are diagnosed to have major illnesses such as chronic kidney disease, hypothyroidism, or congenital heart disease
