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Chao Xu Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

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Xiang-Fei Li Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

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Hong-Yan Tian Department of Ocean Technology, College of Marine and Biology Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Province Jiangsu, China

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Hua-Juan Shi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

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Ding-Dong Zhang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

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Kenneth Prudence Abasubong Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

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Wen-Bin Liu Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

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Introduction Carbohydrates are the cheapest energy and carbon source for vertebrates including fish, due to their relatively high abundance and low price ( 1 ). In aquaculture, the incorporation of carbohydrates in diets is regarded as a

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Xiao-Shan Huang Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

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Ning Dai Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

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Jian-Xia Xu Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

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Jun-Yi Xiang Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

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Xiao-Zhong Zheng Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

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Tian-Yu Ke Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

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Lin-Ying Ma Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

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Qi-Hao Shi Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

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Shu-Feng Fan Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

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indicates that a low-carbohydrate diet may have potential anti-inflammatory effects, contributing to the improvement of biochemical markers and clinical symptoms in patients with HT ( 5 , 6 , 7 ). However, there is currently a lack of relevant imaging data

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Lilit Egshatyan ‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation

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Daria Kashtanova ‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation

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Anna Popenko ‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation

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Olga Tkacheva ‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation

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Alexander Tyakht ‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation

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Dmitry Alexeev ‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation

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Natalia Karamnova ‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation

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Elena Kostryukova ‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation
‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation
‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation

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Vladislav Babenko ‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation

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Maria Vakhitova ‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation

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Sergey Boytsov ‘Research of Age and Age-Associated Conditions’ Department, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, The ‘Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology’, ‘Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Primary Prevention in the Healthcare System’ Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Building 10, Petroverigskiy Lane, Moscow RF 101000, Russian Federation

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phyla (6, 7) . The GM reacts to physiological, dietary, and climatogeographic factors by changes in its qualitative and quantitative composition (8) . For example, it was found that switching from a diet rich in fat and carbohydrates to a diet low in

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Nicolai Preisler Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Pascal Laforêt Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Paris-Est, Institut de Myologie, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France

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Karen Lindhardt Madsen Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Edith Husu Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Christoffer Rasmus Vissing Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Gitte Hedermann Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Henrik Galbo Department of Inflammation Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Christopher Lindberg Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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John Vissing Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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differences in peak oxidative capacity and concentrations of plasma lactate after peak exercise in patients vs controls. The primary outcomes during submaximal exercise were differences in the average rate of oxidation (ROX) of carbohydrates, palmitate and non

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Niels B Dalsgaard Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark

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Lærke S Gasbjerg Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Laura S Hansen Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark

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Dennis S Nielsen Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Torben S Rasmussen Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Filip K Knop Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark

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as the alpha-glucosidase located in the brush border of the small intestine, thereby limiting carbohydrate digestion and thus absorption of glucose. The resulting propelling of undigested carbohydrates to the distal and L cell-rich parts of the gut

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A V Dreval
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I V Trigolosova
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I V Misnikova
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Y A Kovalyova
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R S Tishenina
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I A Barsukov
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A V Vinogradova
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B H R Wolffenbuttel Moscow Regional Scientific Research Clinical Institute, Department of Endocrinology, 61/2 Shepkina str., 129110 Moscow, Russia

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early carbohydrate metabolism disorders (ECMDs) – defined as IFG, IGT or their combination – its prevalence in patients with acromegaly has been shown to vary between 16 and 46% (3, 4, 5) . While most epidemiological studies have shown the prevalence of

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Lina S Silva-Bermudez School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

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Freddy J K Toloza School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

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Maria C Perez-Matos School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

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Russell J de Souza Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada

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Laura Banfield Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada

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Andrea Vargas-Villanueva School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

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Carlos O Mendivil School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, and Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Section of Endocrinology, Bogotá, Colombia

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highly effective for preventing pregnancy, their impact on lipid, lipoprotein, and carbohydrate metabolism is not fully acknowledged. First- and second-generation progestins (desogestrel, gestodene, norgestimate, levonorgestrel, and others) are chemically

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Sebastião Freitas de Medeiros Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

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Márcia Marly Winck Yamamoto Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

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Matheus Antônio Souto de Medeiros Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

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Bruna Barcelo Barbosa Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

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José Maria Soares Junior Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Edmund Chada Baracat Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were reported to increase with aging in women with PCOS ( 4 , 10 , 15 ). Furthermore, carbohydrate metabolism markers may also change with age in PCOS women ( 4 , 15 , 18 , 24 ). Despite design limitations

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Ulrik Ø Andersen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Dijana Terzic Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Nicolai Jacob Wewer Albrechtsen Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Peter Dall Mark Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Peter Plomgaard Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jens F Rehfeld Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Finn Gustafsson Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jens P Goetze Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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treatment, two tablets of sacubitril/valsartan, 97 mg/103 mg (C09DX04) (total dose of 194 mg sacubitril/206 mg valsartan) were administrated orally (t = 0 min). On both days of examination, a standardized meal (a Big Mac burger containing 42 g carbohydrate

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L Johnsen Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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N B Lyckegaard Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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P Khanal Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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B Quistorff Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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K Raun Diabetes and Obesity Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark

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M O Nielsen Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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development and maturation, in regulation of metabolism through stimulation of mitochondrial oxygen consumption, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and it affects functional development of the nervous and cardiovascular systems ( 13 , 14 ). As summarized in

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