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Sun Fei Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China

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Min Liu Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China

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Hu Shanshan Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China

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Ruijie Xie Department of Microsurgery, University of South China, Hengyang, China

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Wu Danni Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China

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Zhou Ningying Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China

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depression are not yet unified ( 10 ). Obesity promotes an increased risk of cardiovascular and psychiatric diseases, which may depend on abdominal fat and its function ( 11 ). Currently, most studies use body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) to

Article Type:
Research Article
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Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0450
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 6
Open access
Yunyi Ding Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

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Siyao Lv Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China

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Ruijie Xie Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

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Wei Ye Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital, Hangzhou, China

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Yichen Luo School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

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Yayu Li Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital, Hangzhou, China

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assess obesity. Currently, commonly used body fat indices for clinical assessment of obesity include waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) ( 18 , 19 , 20 ). Studies have found that

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Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0491
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 4
Open access
Patricia Arroyo Tardio University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Gabriela Baldini University Clinic of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland

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Eleonora Seelig University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
University Clinic of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland

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population We included 18 lean (body mass index (BMI) 18.5–25 kg/m 2 ) and 18 obese (BMI >30 kg/m 2 ) male participants in a nonrandomized, open-label study. All participants were between 18 and 40 years old. Subjects with clinically significant concomitant

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Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0126
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 7
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Yinqiong Huang Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China

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Zhaozhao Zhu Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
Department of Endocrinology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China

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Zhiqin Huang Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China

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Jingxiong Zhou Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China

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Clinical data including gender, age, body mass index (BMI, in kg/m²), duration of diabetes (in years), and history of hypertension were collected. Laboratory parameters included fasting blood glucose (mmol/L), urea nitrogen (BUN in mmol/L), blood creatinine

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Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0542
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 8
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Yansu Wang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China

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Yun Shen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China

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Tingting Hu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China

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Yufei Wang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China

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Xiaojing Ma Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China

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Haoyong Yu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China

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Yuqian Bao Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China

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measurements Height and weight were measured using a standard electronic scale. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the equation: BMI = weight (kg)/height (m) 2 . Waist circumference was measured using standardized methods as previously described ( 21

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Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0545
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 7
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Laura Hasse Department of Pediatric Dermatology and Allergology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany

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Dagmar Jamiolkowski Department of Pediatric Dermatology and Allergology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany

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Felix Reschke Department of Pediatric Diabetology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany

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Kerstin Kapitzke Department of Pediatric Diabetology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany

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Jantje Weiskorn Department of Pediatric Diabetology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany

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Olga Kordonouri Department of Pediatric Diabetology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany

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Torben Biester Department of Pediatric Diabetology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany

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Hagen Ott Department of Pediatric Dermatology and Allergology, Children’s Hospital Auf der Bult, Hannover, Germany

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and above, childhood obesity is characterized as a body mass index (BMI) over the 97th sex- and age-related reference percentile ( 3 ). In individuals with childhood obesity, health-related quality of life (QoL) is impaired ( 4 , 5 ) and pivotal

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Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0235
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 9
Open access
Chan Yang School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Yadi Zhang School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Juan Li School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Xiaowei Liu School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Jiangwei Qiu School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Jiaxing Zhang School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Xiuying Liu School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Yuhong Zhang School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Yi Zhao School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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weight loss due to unknown causes), or a past medical history of T2DM. Prediabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose ≥6.1 mmol/L and <7.0 mmol/L. Normoglycemia was defined as a fasting plasma glucose level <6.1 mmol/L. Body mass index (BMI) was

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Research Article
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Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-24-0033
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 9
Open access
Zhiyan Yu Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Yueyue Wu Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Rui Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Yue Li Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Shufei Zang Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Jun Liu Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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this study. Clinical and laboratory data During the hospital admission, height (cm), weight (kg) and body mass index (BMI), calculated as weight (kg)/height 2 (m 2 ), were recorded for all patients. Blood pressure was recorded after the

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Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0174
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 11
Open access
Feifei Shao Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China

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Xinxin Hu Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China

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Jiayu Li Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China

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Bona Bai Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China

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Limin Tian Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China

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). Obesity plays a critical role in the development and progression of both diabetes and prediabetes, and the body mass index (BMI) is a powerful and modifiable risk factor for T2DM ( 3 ). Hence, both aging and obesity are crucial contributing factors that

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Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0212
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 12
Open access
Yuan Huang Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yunyun Hu The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Bingshu Bao The Second People’s Hospital, Luqiao, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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various ways, ranging from simple physical observations to various body weight index calculations. However, the body mass index (BMI) is the most simple and effective and has been used for 200 years ( 6 , 7 , 8 ). Clinically, BMI is calculated as weight

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Research Article
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Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0291
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 11
Open access