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Kjersti S Bakken Women’s Clinic, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

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Kristina Randjelovic Nermo Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Microbiology, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway

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Bjørn Gunnar Nedrebø Department of Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

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Tim I M Korevaar Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Tor A Strand Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway

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criteria and indications for antithyroid drug treatments for Graves’ hyperthyroidism have remained essentially unchanged. A Norwegian government report from 1999 raised concerns regarding thyroid function in pregnancy and highlighted the need for data on

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Caiyan Mo Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Tao Tong Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Ying Guo Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Zheng Li Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Liyong Zhong Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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.34 ATD, TSS 1.91 582 2.53 90.18 0.077 6.57 9.53 − ATD, antithyroid drugs; BMI, body mass index; Dmax, maximum diameter; F, female; FT3, free triiodothyronine; FT4, free thyroxine;GH, growth hormone; IGF-1, insulin-like growth

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Xiaowen Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China

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Chen Han Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China

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Hongwei Wang State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China

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Xinghong Sun Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China

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Xin Dou Department of Radiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China

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Xueying He Department of Radiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China

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Di Wu Department of Radiology, Southeast University Medical School Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China

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Shanmei Shen Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China

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Dalong Zhu Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China

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Xinlin Zhang Department of Cardiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China

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Yan Bi Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China

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indicator of systemic inflammation. NLR has been reported to be associated with clinical prognosis in multiple disease contexts, including thyroid diseases ( 8 , 9 ). NLR predicts relapse in GD patients following antithyroid drug therapy ( 10 ) and disease

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Danzhou Fang Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Shiying Li Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Changgu Zhou Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Yirui Wang Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Gengbiao Yuan Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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HuiHui Zhang Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Maohua Rao Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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. Contemporary hyperthyroidism treatments encompass thyroidectomy, antithyroid drugs, and radioactive iodine ( 131 I) therapy ( 7 ). However, for those with hyperthyroidism and concomitant liver failure, surgery may not be feasible due to the requirement of near

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Yuegui Wang Department of Ultrasound, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China

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Liwei Hong Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China

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Caiyun Yang Department of Ultrasound, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China

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Guorong Lv School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

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Kangjian Wang Department of Ultrasound, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China

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Xuepeng Huang Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China

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Haolin Shen Department of Ultrasound, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China

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orbitopathy ( 5 ). Therapies for GD include antithyroid drugs (ATDs), thyroidectomy, or radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. ATD has only a 50% success rate for most patients after 1 year of treatment, and it may cause side effects such as agranulocytosis

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Lian Duan Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China

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Han-Yu Zhang Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China

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Min Lv Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China

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Han Zhang Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China

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Yao Chen Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China

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Ting Wang Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China

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Yan Li Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China

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Yan Wu Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China

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Junfeng Li Department of Radiology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China

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Kefeng Li School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA

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per 100,000 individuals per year ( 3 , 4 ). Current treatment for GD patients includes antithyroid drugs (ATDs), radioiodine therapy ( 131 I therapy) (RAI), and thyroidectomy ( 5 ). ATDs tend to have a higher failure rate. In addition, approximately

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Qian Yang Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Wencai Ke Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Fanfan Pan Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Xinmei Huang Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Jun Liu Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Bingbing Zha Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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step in thyroid hormone synthesis. Methimazole (MMI) is an established first-line therapy for GD in China and MMI-induced granulocytosis is dose-dependent ( 4 ). Antithyroid drug (ATD)-associated agranulocytosis is a rare but life-threatening event

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Waleed K W Al-Badri Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Hinke Marijke Jellema Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Arnaud R G G Potvin Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Ruth M A van Nispen Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Peter H Bisschop Department of Endocrinology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Peerooz Saeed Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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. ( https://doi.org/10.4103/1119-3077.100620 ) 44 Fukao A Takamatsu J Kubota S Miyauchi A & Hanafusa T . The thyroid function of Graves’ disease patients is aggravated by depressive personality during antithyroid drug treatment

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Ayse Nurcan Cebeci Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Friedrich-Alexander University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany

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Vera Schempp Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany

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Katharina Förtsch Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany

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Bettina Gohlke Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany

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Michaela Marx Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Friedrich-Alexander University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany

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Helmuth-Guenther Dörr Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Friedrich-Alexander University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany

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Joachim Woelfle Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Friedrich-Alexander University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany

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, antithyroid drug; BR, block and replace; C, carbimazole; D, dose titration; f, female; m, male; LT4, levothyroxine; M, methimazole. The clinical characteristics of children with GD and DS in comparison with GD children without DS are shown in Tables

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Heleen I Jansen Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Marijn M Bult Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Peter H Bisschop Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Anita Boelen Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Annemieke C Heijboer Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Jacquelien J Hillebrand Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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, however, not investigate the use of other drugs, such as antithyroid drugs, beta-blockers, or glucocorticoids which could have influenced fT4 results as well and should ideally be looked at in future (prospective) studies ( 11 ). We found that an fT4

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