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Wenhao Lin
Wenhao Lin
Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jun Dai
Jun Dai
Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jialing Xie
Jialing Xie
Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jiacheng Liu
Jiacheng Liu
Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Fukang Sun
Fukang Sun
Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xin Huang
Xin Huang
Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wei He
Wei He
Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chen Fang
Chen Fang
Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Juping Zhao
Juping Zhao
Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Danfeng Xu
Danfeng Xu
Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Introduction Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive cancer that affects both children and adults, having an overall incidence of 1–2 cases/million per year. In most cases, cancer presents with steroid hormone excess ( 1
Emily Warmington
Emily Warmington
Institute of Metabolism and System Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Gabrielle Smith
Gabrielle Smith
Institute of Metabolism and System Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Vasileios Chortis
Vasileios Chortis
Institute of Metabolism and System Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Raimunde Liang
Raimunde Liang
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University Munich (TMU), Munich, Germany
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Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University Munich (TMU), Munich, Germany
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Juliane Lippert
Juliane Lippert
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Sonja Steinhauer
Sonja Steinhauer
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Laura-Sophie Landwehr
Laura-Sophie Landwehr
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Constanze Hantel
Constanze Hantel
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
Medizinische Klinik Und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
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Medizinische Klinik Und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
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Katja Kiseljak-Vassiliades
Katja Kiseljak-Vassiliades
Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Margaret E Wierman
Margaret E Wierman
Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Barbara Altieri
Barbara Altieri
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Paul A Foster
Paul A Foster
Institute of Metabolism and System Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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Cristina L Ronchi
Cristina L Ronchi
Institute of Metabolism and System Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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Introduction Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare yet highly aggressive endocrine malignancy with generally poor prognosis ( 1 ). Treatment options for ACC are scarce, with the only potential curative therapy being complete resection ( 2
Magdalena Lech
Magdalena Lech
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Ruvini Ranasinghe
Ruvini Ranasinghe
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Royce P Vincent
Royce P Vincent
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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David R Taylor
David R Taylor
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Lea Ghataore
Lea Ghataore
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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James Luxton
James Luxton
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Fannie Lajeunesse-Trempe
Fannie Lajeunesse-Trempe
Department of Endocrinology ASO/EASO COM, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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Pia Roser
Pia Roser
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Medical Centre Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Eftychia E Drakou
Eftychia E Drakou
Department of Clinical Oncology, Guy's Cancer Centre - Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
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Ling Ling Chuah
Ling Ling Chuah
Department of Endocrinology ASO/EASO COM, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Ashley B Grossman
Ashley B Grossman
Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Barts and the London School of Medicine, Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Institute, London, UK
Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Barts and the London School of Medicine, Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Institute, London, UK
Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Simon J B Aylwin
Simon J B Aylwin
Department of Endocrinology ASO/EASO COM, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Georgios K Dimitriadis
Georgios K Dimitriadis
Department of Endocrinology ASO/EASO COM, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and Immunometabolism Research Group, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and Immunometabolism Research Group, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Introduction Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy of the adrenal cortex with an annual incidence of between 0.5 and 2.0 cases per million ( 1 ). Whilst most cases of ACC are sporadic, typically occurring in the fifth and sixth
Ramjan Sanas Mohamed
Ramjan Sanas Mohamed
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Biyaser Abuelgasim
Biyaser Abuelgasim
Imperial College School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Sally Barker
Sally Barker
Imperial College School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Hemanth Prabhudev
Hemanth Prabhudev
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Niamh M Martin
Niamh M Martin
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Karim Meeran
Karim Meeran
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Emma L Williams
Emma L Williams
Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Sarah Darch
Sarah Darch
Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Whitlock Matthew
Whitlock Matthew
Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Tricia Tan
Tricia Tan
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Florian Wernig
Florian Wernig
Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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positive histology. The diagnosis of adrenal CS was established by suppressed adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) levels in the context of hypercortisolaemia and histology in keeping with a cortisol-producing adenoma/adrenocortical carcinoma. Patients
Rachel Forfar
Rachel Forfar
Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK
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Mashal Hussain
Mashal Hussain
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Puneet Khurana
Puneet Khurana
Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK
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Jennifer Cook
Jennifer Cook
Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK
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Steve Lewis
Steve Lewis
Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK
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Dillon Popat
Dillon Popat
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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David Jackson
David Jackson
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Ed McIver
Ed McIver
Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK
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Jeff Jerman
Jeff Jerman
Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK
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Debra Taylor
Debra Taylor
Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK
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Adrian JL Clark
Adrian JL Clark
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Li F Chan
Li F Chan
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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801 – 812 . ( https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab749 ) 16 Parmar J Key RE Rainey WE . Development of an adrenocorticotropin-responsive human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2008 93 4542
Agnieszka Adamska
Agnieszka Adamska
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Vitalii Ulychnyi
Vitalii Ulychnyi
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Katarzyna Siewko
Katarzyna Siewko
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Anna Popławska-Kita
Anna Popławska-Kita
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Małgorzata Szelachowska
Małgorzata Szelachowska
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Marcin Adamski
Marcin Adamski
Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland
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Angelika Buczyńska
Angelika Buczyńska
Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Adam Jacek Krętowski
Adam Jacek Krętowski
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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, skin atrophy, or buffalo hump) and those with a serum cortisol level of more than 5 μg/dL in the DST, haemorrhage, infections, adrenal pheochromocytoma, primary hyperaldosteronism, metastases, adrenocortical carcinoma, cysts, history of malignancy or
Susan M Webb
Susan M Webb
IIB-Sant Pau, Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, Unidad 747), ISCIII, Spain
Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, Unidad 747), ISCIII, Spain
Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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Jette Kristensen
Jette Kristensen
ePAG & Chair of Danish Addison Patient Association, Aarhus, Denmark
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Anna Nordenström
Anna Nordenström
Pediatric Endocrinology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Diana Vitali
Diana Vitali
ePAG & Chair SOD ITALIA - Italian Patients Organization for Septo Optic Dysplasia and other Neuroendocrine Conditions, Rome, Italy
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Vincent Amodru
Vincent Amodru
Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics, Institut MarMaRa, Marseille, France
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Lenja Katharina Wiehe
Lenja Katharina Wiehe
EURORDIS - Rare Diseases Europe, Paris, France
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Matt Bolz-Johnson
Matt Bolz-Johnson
EURORDIS - Rare Diseases Europe, Paris, France
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://doi.org/10.1080/23772484.2020.1809421 ) 16 Yeoh P Czuber-Dochan W Aylwin S Sturt J . Lived experience of people with adrenocortical carcinoma and associated adrenal insufficiency . Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism 2022 5 e341. ( https
Marta Araujo-Castro
Marta Araujo-Castro
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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Miguel Paja Fano
Miguel Paja Fano
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Hospital Universitario de Basurton & Basque Country University, Medicine Department, Bilbao, Spain
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Begoña Pla Peris
Begoña Pla Peris
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Castellón, Castellón, Spain
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Marga González Boillos
Marga González Boillos
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Castellón, Castellón, Spain
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Eider Pascual-Corrales
Eider Pascual-Corrales
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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Ana María García-Cano
Ana María García-Cano
Department of Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Paola Parra Ramírez
Paola Parra Ramírez
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid, Spain
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Patricia Martín Rojas-Marcos
Patricia Martín Rojas-Marcos
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid, Spain
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Jorge Gabriel Ruiz-Sanchez
Jorge Gabriel Ruiz-Sanchez
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
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Almudena Vicente
Almudena Vicente
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
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Emilia Gómez-Hoyos
Emilia Gómez-Hoyos
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Rui Ferreira
Rui Ferreira
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Iñigo García Sanz
Iñigo García Sanz
Department of General & Digestive Surgery, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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Mónica Recasens
Mónica Recasens
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Institut Català de la Salut Girona, Girona, Spain
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Rebeca Barahona San Millan
Rebeca Barahona San Millan
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Institut Català de la Salut Girona, Girona, Spain
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María José Picón César
María José Picón César
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, IBIMA Malaga, Spain CIBEROBN, Madrid, Spain
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Patricia Díaz Guardiola
Patricia Díaz Guardiola
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Madrid, Spain
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Carolina Perdomo
Carolina Perdomo
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Laura Manjón
Laura Manjón
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias & Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
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Rogelio García-Centeno
Rogelio García-Centeno
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Juan Carlos Percovich
Juan Carlos Percovich
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Ángel Rebollo Román
Ángel Rebollo Román
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
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Paola Gracia Gimeno
Paola Gracia Gimeno
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Rollo Villanova, Zaragoza, Spain
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Cristina Robles Lázaro
Cristina Robles Lázaro
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Complejo Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Manuel Morales
Manuel Morales
Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department-CDB, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
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María Calatayud
María Calatayud
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Simone Andree Furio Collao
Simone Andree Furio Collao
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Diego Meneses
Diego Meneses
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
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Miguel Antonio Sampedro Nuñez
Miguel Antonio Sampedro Nuñez
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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Verónica Escudero Quesada
Verónica Escudero Quesada
Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peser, Valencia, Spain
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Elena Mena Ribas
Elena Mena Ribas
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Islas Baleares, Spain
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Alicia Sanmartín Sánchez
Alicia Sanmartín Sánchez
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Islas Baleares, Spain
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Cesar Gonzalvo Diaz
Cesar Gonzalvo Diaz
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario De Albacete, Albacete, Spain
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Cristina Lamas
Cristina Lamas
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario De Albacete, Albacete, Spain
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Raquel Guerrero-Vázquez
Raquel Guerrero-Vázquez
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Virgen de la Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
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María del Castillo Tous
María del Castillo Tous
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Virgen de la Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
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Joaquín Serrano
Joaquín Serrano
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Theodora Michalopoulou
Theodora Michalopoulou
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
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Eva María Moya Mateo
Eva María Moya Mateo
Internal Medicine, Hospital Infanta Leonor de Vallecas, Madrid, Spain
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Felicia Hanzu
Felicia Hanzu
Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, IDIPAS, Barcelona, Spain
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, autonomous cortisol secretion; ACC, adrenocortical carcinoma; DST, dexamethasone suppression test; NFAI, nonfunctioning adrenal incidentalomas; PHEO, pheochromocytoma; PA, primary aldosteronism; RyC, Ramón y Cajal Hospital. The SPAIN-ALDO registry
Avinaash Maharaj
Avinaash Maharaj
Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Ruth Kwong
Ruth Kwong
Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Jack Williams
Jack Williams
Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Christopher Smith
Christopher Smith
Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Helen Storr
Helen Storr
Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Ruth Krone
Ruth Krone
Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Debora Braslavsky
Debora Braslavsky
Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas ‘Dr. Cesar Bergadá’ (CEDIE) – CONICET – FEI – División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños ‘Ricardo Gutiérrez’, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Maria Clemente
Maria Clemente
Paediatric Endocrinology, Growth and Development Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Vall d’Hebron, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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Nanik Ram
Nanik Ram
Department of Endocrinology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Indraneel Banerjee
Indraneel Banerjee
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Semra Çetinkaya
Semra Çetinkaya
Health Sciences University, Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Children’s Health and Disease Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Federica Buonocore
Federica Buonocore
Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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Tülay Güran
Tülay Güran
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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John C Achermann
John C Achermann
Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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Louise Metherell
Louise Metherell
Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Rathi Prasad
Rathi Prasad
Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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NCI-H295R (adrenocortical carcinoma) cells increases S1P expression and steroidogenesis ( 32 ). Conversely, sphingolipid intermediates ceramide and sphingosine diminish steroidogenesis, with sphingosine purported to directly attenuate the activity of
Marianna Viukari
Marianna Viukari
Endocrinology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Helena Leijon
Helena Leijon
Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Tiina Vesterinen
Tiina Vesterinen
Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Sanni Söderlund
Sanni Söderlund
Endocrinology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Päivi Hämäläinen
Päivi Hämäläinen
Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Iina Yliaska
Iina Yliaska
Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Päivi Rautiainen
Päivi Rautiainen
Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (Siun Sote), Joensuu, Finland
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Reeta Rintamäki
Reeta Rintamäki
Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Minna Soinio
Minna Soinio
Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Ilkka Pörsti
Ilkka Pörsti
Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Pasi I Nevalainen
Pasi I Nevalainen
Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Niina Matikainen
Niina Matikainen
Endocrinology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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excluded from the study, one due to the finding of adrenocortical carcinoma, two due to nonrepresentative samples, and one due to the patient not having undergone adrenalectomy but postmortem obduction. In addition, 22 samples from a previous prospective
