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Volha V Zhukouskaya APHP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, FilièreOSCAR and Platform of Expertise for Rare Diseases Paris-Saclay, Bicêtre Paris-Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy

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Anya Rothenbuhler APHP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, FilièreOSCAR and Platform of Expertise for Rare Diseases Paris-Saclay, Bicêtre Paris-Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
APHP, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Annamaria Colao Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy

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Carolina Di Somma Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy

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Peter Kamenický APHP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, FilièreOSCAR and Platform of Expertise for Rare Diseases Paris-Saclay, Bicêtre Paris-Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
APHP, Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Diseases, Bicêtre Paris-Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
Paris Sud – Paris Saclay University, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Séverine Trabado Paris Sud – Paris Saclay University, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
APHP, Department of Molecular Genetics, Pharmacogenetics and Hormonology, Bicêtre Paris-Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Dominique Prié Université Paris V, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
Hôpital Necker EnfantsMalades APHP, INSERM U1151, Paris, France

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Christelle Audrain APHP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, FilièreOSCAR and Platform of Expertise for Rare Diseases Paris-Saclay, Bicêtre Paris-Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Anna Barosi APHP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, FilièreOSCAR and Platform of Expertise for Rare Diseases Paris-Saclay, Bicêtre Paris-Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Christèle Kyheng APHP, Department of Adolescent Medicine, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Anne-Sophie Lambert APHP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, FilièreOSCAR and Platform of Expertise for Rare Diseases Paris-Saclay, Bicêtre Paris-Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
APHP, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
APHP, Department of Adolescent Medicine, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Agnès Linglart APHP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, FilièreOSCAR and Platform of Expertise for Rare Diseases Paris-Saclay, Bicêtre Paris-Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
APHP, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
Paris Sud – Paris Saclay University, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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suppresses the activity of white adipose tissue by increasing lipolytic and decreasing lipogenic gene expression. In other words, state of chronic hypophosphatemia would sustain the weight gain, and vice versa, phosphate supplementation would help to lose the

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Valentina Guarnotta Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Silvia Lucchese Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Mariagrazia Irene Mineo Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Donatella Mangione Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Renato Venezia Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Piero Luigi Almasio Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Carla Giordano Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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adipose tissue dysfunction as a consequence of androgen excess ( 38 ). A Parisian collaborative group identified Caucasian PP patients with no hormone abnormality who were postpubertal ( 31 ) and showed that these girls did not differ from controls in

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Maki Igarashi Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Tadayuki Ayabe Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Keiko Matsubara Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Hatoko Sasaki Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Mayako Saito-Abe Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Miori Sato Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Nathan Mise Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan

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Akihiko Ikegami Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan

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Masayuki Shimono Regional Center for Pilot Study of Japan Environment and Children’s Study, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan

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Reiko Suga Regional Center for Pilot Study of Japan Environment and Children’s Study, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan

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Shouichi Ohga Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan

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Masafumi Sanefuji Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan

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Masako Oda Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan

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Hiroshi Mitsubuchi Department of Neonatology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan

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Takehiro Michikawa Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

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Shin Yamazaki Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

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Shoji Nakayama Japan Environment and Children’s Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

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Yukihiro Ohya Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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Maki Fukami Medical Support Center for Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

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). However, it is possible that other CYP19A1 -expressing tissues, such as the skin, adipose tissues, and bone ( 8 ) also contribute to the aromatization of circulating testosterone in young girls. FSH levels were slightly higher in girls than in boys

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Britt J van Keulen Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Conor V Dolan Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Bibian van der Voorn Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sophia Kinderziekenhuis, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Ruth Andrew Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Brian R Walker Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Hilleke Hulshoff Pol Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Dorret I Boomsma Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Joost Rotteveel Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Martijn J J Finken Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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inactive metabolite cortisone. 11β-HSD type 1 is mainly expressed in the liver and adipose tissue, where it regenerates cortisol, and 11β-HSD type 2 catalyzes the reverse reaction in renal epithelial cells. Figure 1 Schematic overview of cortisol

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Valeria Hirschler University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Claudia Molinari University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Silvia Lapertosa UNNE, Corrientes, Argentina

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Gustavo Maccallini Hidalgo Laboratories, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Claudio D Gonzalez CEMIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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with high secretory adipose tissue or increased responsiveness to the effects of adipokines ( 16 ). A review proposed that excess caloric intake leads to an increase in body fat. The expansion ability of the s.c. fat tissue determines the lipid

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