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resistance ( 3 , 4 ). As the primary peripheral tissue cells of insulin action, adipocytes express TSH receptors and have been recognized as extrathyroidal targets of TSH ( 5 ). However, the mechanism underlying high TSH level-induced insulin resistance in
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that TSH regulates cholesterol metabolism through binding to TSH receptors (TSHRs) on the surface of hepatocytes ( 33 ) and adipocytes ( 34 ). Therefore, current evidence suggests that both TH and TSH affect cholesterol metabolism. Some regulatory
Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Microbiology, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
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participate in adipocyte differentiation and lipolysis regulation and adipocyte cytokines interact with regulation of thyrotropin ( 31 ). Unfortunately, the MBRN does not have good quality data on maternal BMI, and therefore, we could not explore the
Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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can differentiate into adipocytes or myofibroblasts and contribute to tissue expansion ( 8 ). Fibroblasts and adipocytes are activated by the TSHR, which is expressed on preadipocytes and orbital fibroblasts ( 9 ). It is thought that the activation of
The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Engineering OnLine 2019 18 97. ( https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-019-0716-4 ) 21 Wang S Cao S Arhatte M Li D Shi Y Kurz S Hu J Wang L Shao J Atzberger A , Adipocyte Piezo1 mediates obesogenic adipogenesis through the FGF1/FGFR1 signaling