Hanna F Nowotny
Hanna F Nowotny
Medizinische Klinik IV, Department of Endocrinology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Jillian Bryce
Jillian Bryce
Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Salma R Ali
Salma R Ali
Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Roberta Giordano
Roberta Giordano
Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Federico Baronio
Federico Baronio
Pediatric Unit, Department Hospital of Woman and Child, Endo-ERN Centre IT11, IRCSS AOU S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Irina Chifu
Irina Chifu
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Lea Tschaidse
Lea Tschaidse
Medizinische Klinik IV, Department of Endocrinology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Martine Cools
Martine Cools
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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Erica LT van den Akker
Erica LT van den Akker
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Henrik Falhammar
Henrik Falhammar
Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Natasha M Appelman-Dijkstra
Natasha M Appelman-Dijkstra
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Luca Persani
Luca Persani
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan Italy
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Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan Italy
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Guglielmo Beccuti
Guglielmo Beccuti
Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Ian L Ross
Ian L Ross
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg
Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg
Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit, ENETS Center of Excellence, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Organisation and Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Alberto M Pereira
Alberto M Pereira
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Eystein S Husebye
Eystein S Husebye
Department of Clinical Science and KG Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Stefanie Hahner
Stefanie Hahner
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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S Faisal Ahmed
S Faisal Ahmed
Office for Rare Conditions, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Nicole Reisch
Nicole Reisch
Medizinische Klinik IV, Department of Endocrinology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Introduction The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has reminded us that precautionary measures are important to protect the most vulnerable patient subgroups. The SARS-CoV-2 virus started to spread from
Martin Wiegand
Martin Wiegand
MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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David J Halsall
David J Halsall
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Sarah L Cowan
Sarah L Cowan
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Kevin Taylor
Kevin Taylor
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Robert J B Goudie
Robert J B Goudie
MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Jacobus Preller
Jacobus Preller
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Mark Gurnell
Mark Gurnell
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
Wellcome–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Wellcome–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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, and to deliver preventative and curative interventions for the world’s population. Given the key role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in facilitating the entry of SARS-CoV-2 virus particles into the lung (alveolar epithelial type II cells
Clara Lundetoft Clausen
Clara Lundetoft Clausen
Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Trine Holm Johannsen
Trine Holm Johannsen
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Niels Erik Skakkebæk
Niels Erik Skakkebæk
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hanne Frederiksen
Hanne Frederiksen
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Anders Juul
Anders Juul
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Thomas Benfield
Thomas Benfield
Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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criteria for this study were 1) presence of SARS-CoV-2 confirmed by RT-PCR from either nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab, sputum, or endotracheal aspirate, 2) age ≥ 18 years, and 3) COVID-19 illness requiring hospitalization. Exclusion criteria were 1
Gregory Knowles
Gregory Knowles
Walsall Manor Hospital, Walsall, UK
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Emily Warmington
Emily Warmington
College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Lisa M Shepherd
Lisa M Shepherd
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Jonathan M Hazlehurst
Jonathan M Hazlehurst
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Anne de Bray
Anne de Bray
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Helena Gleeson
Helena Gleeson
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Wiebke Arlt
Wiebke Arlt
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
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Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
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Alessandro Prete
Alessandro Prete
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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trigger for adrenal crises ( 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infection caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Presentation of COVID-19 ranges
