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factor‐23 (FGF23), can influence vitamin D metabolism by suppressing 1α(OH)ase activity ( 8 ). Figure 1 Simplified diagram illustrating various functions of vitamin D. Vitamin D is a multifunctional hormone and has been shown to have beneficial
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Department of Health & Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Department of Health & Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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). Mouse gene PCR primer sets (RT 2 ) for VDR, IGF1, IGF2, FGF1, FGF2, MSTN and FST were obtained from SABiosciences. The Power SYBR green PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems) was used with Step-One-Plus real-time PCR System (Applied Biosystems). The
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Central Laboratory, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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(insufficient vasopressin (AVP) secretion from the pituitary ( 2 , 3 , 4 )), the cause of primary polydipsia (with excessive fluid intake often without obvious cause) remains unclear. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is a peptide hormone synthesized by
The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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affect thyroid cell migration and the EMT process ( 6 ). Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) was first isolated in bovine brains as a mitotic hormone in 1970 ( 7 ). Numerous studies have implied that FGF1 can promote tumor proliferation, migration, and
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Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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that of women without PCOS (10.09 per 1000 person-years) ( 7 ). In addition to established clinical risk factors, other biomarkers have emerged as important predictors of diabetes risk ( 8 , 9 ). Two members from the fibroblast growth factor (FGF
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Service of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Intensive Care, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition
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Service of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Intensive Care, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition
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Service of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Intensive Care, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition
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Introduction Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a member of the FGF superfamily, consisting of FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23 (1, 2, 3, 4) . Because they lack the conventional FGF-heparin-binding domain, these FGFs can escape the body's vast
Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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to 642 million by 2040 ( 1 ). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for approximately 90% of all diabetes cases ( 2 ). Promising targets to improve glucose homeostasis are of particular interest. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a member of
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Introduction Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone involved in glucose and lipid homeostasis. It mediates glucose uptake by human adipocytes additively and independently to insulin ( 1 ). An increase in FGF21 leads to decreased
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at least 10% needs to be achieved ( 9 ). Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone expressed primarily by the liver and adipose tissue. Treatment with FGF21 induces weight loss in rodents, non-human primates and early clinical trials ( 10 , 11
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A1; SRB1, scavenger receptor b1; FGF19/21, fibroblast growth factors 19/21; HMG-COA, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A; ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; FAS, fatty acid synthase; CPT1A, carnitine palmitoyltransferase Iα; WAT, white adipose tissue