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Nese Cinar Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey

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Alper Gurlek Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey

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subclinical hypothyroid patients No significant difference in ADP levels between the groups 53 controls ↑ ADP after normalization of thyroid status ↑, Increase; ↓, decrease; ↔, no change; ADP, adiponectin; fT 4 , free thyroxine; fT 3 , free triiodothyronine

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-13-0061
Volume/Issue:
Volume 2: Issue 4
Open access
Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Ariadna Zybek-Kocik Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Michał Kloska Lehigh Valley Health Network, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Hospital – Cedar Crest, Allentown, USA

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Paulina Ziółkowska Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Agata Czarnywojtek Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Jerzy Sowiński Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Dorota Mańkowska-Wierzbicka Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Metabolic Diseases and Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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Marek Ruchała Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

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achieved ( 7 , 24 ). Interestingly, improvement in muscle strength has been observed even after the restoration of thyroid function in subclinical hyperthyroidism ( 24 ). Observed muscle weakness in hyperthyroid patients mainly results from changes in

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0059
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 4
Open access
Satoshi Higuchi Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

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Hideki Ota Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
Department of Advanced MRI Collaboration Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

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Yuta Tezuka Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
Department of Radiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Kazumasa Seiji Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

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Hidenobu Takagi Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
Department of Radiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Jongmin Lee Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea

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Yi-Wei Lee Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Kei Omata Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
Department of Radiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Yoshikiyo Ono Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
Department of Radiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Ryo Morimoto Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

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Masataka Kudo Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

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Fumitoshi Satoh Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
Division of Clinical Hypertension, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

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Kei Takase Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

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patients, the ones with APA, with higher hormonal activity than those with BHA, should also have higher cardiac risk, even in the absence of clinical symptoms. The demonstration of subclinical cardiac risk in APA patients by CMR could support the clinical

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0504
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 1
Open access
Simona Censi Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Laura Salmaso Clinical Governance Unit, Azienda Zero, Veneto Region, Italy

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Filippo Ceccato Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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Jacopo Manso Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy

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Ugo Fedeli Clinical Governance Unit, Azienda Zero, Veneto Region, Italy

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Mario Saia Clinical Governance Unit, Azienda Zero, Veneto Region, Italy

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Caterina Mian Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy

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associated with nodular goiter is quite well understood and thus the decrease in nodular goiter incidence with the improvement of iodine status is expected. The mechanism is slow and could take decades to go from euthyroidism to subclinical hyperthyroidism

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0292
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 12
Open access
Hana Vítková Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

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Kateřina Anderlová Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

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Jan Krátký Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

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Radovan Bílek Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic

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Drahomíra Springer Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

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Felix Votava Department of Children and Adolescents, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic

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Tomáš Brutvan Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

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Adéla Krausová Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

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Kristýna Žabková Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

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Eliška Potluková University Center of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland and University of Basel, Switzerland

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Jan Jiskra Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

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between thyroid autoimmunity and gestational diabetes mellitus in euthyroid women . European Thyroid Journal 2022 11 . ( https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-21-0142 ) 7 Tudela CM Casey BM McIntire DD & Cunningham FG . Relationship of subclinical

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-24-0295
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 11
Open access
Filippo Ceccato Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
Endocrine Disease Unit, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Elisa Selmin Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Giorgia Antonelli Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Mattia Barbot Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
Endocrine Disease Unit, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Andrea Daniele Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Marco Boscaro Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Mario Plebani Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Carla Scaroni Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
Endocrine Disease Unit, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy

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authors have already suggested an intermediate phenotype – what we have called RAS – when assessing a patient’s HPA axis ( 17 ). From an endocrine perspective, hormone secretion occurs on a continuum: subclinical or intermediate scenarios are frequently

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0404
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 9
Open access
M L M Barreto-Chaves Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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N Senger Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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M R Fevereiro Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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A C Parletta Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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A P C Takano Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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practice is the subclinical condition, characterized by decreased TSH associated with T3 and T4 levels within the reference values ( 17 , 18 ). While overt hypothyroidism is characterized by elevated TSH levels and low circulating TH levels, subclinical

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0543
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 3
Open access
Hiren Patt Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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Katrin Koehler Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

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Sailesh Lodha Eternal Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

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Swati Jadhav Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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Chaitanya Yerawar Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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Angela Huebner Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

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Kunal Thakkar Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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Sneha Arya Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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Sandhya Nair Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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Manjunath Goroshi Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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Hosahithlu Ganesh Department of Endocrinology, AJ Institute of Medical sciences, Mangalore, India

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Vijaya Sarathi Department of Endocrinology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bengaluru, India

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Anurag Lila Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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Tushar Bandgar Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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Nalini Shah Department of Endocrinology, Seth G.S. Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

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 Age at onset** 8.6 years (1–60 years) 61  Age at diagnosis** AI 4 years (range: 0–23) 41  Age at onset** 6 years (range: 1–48) 65  Age at diagnosis** 5 (7.7%) 65 Prevalence of subclinical AI 16 (24

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0255
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 8
Open access
Brenda Anguiano Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México

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Carlos Montes de Oca Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México

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Evangelina Delgado-González Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México

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Carmen Aceves Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México

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do not translate into increased tumor growth in in vivo models, whereas T4 effects consistently stimulate tumorigenic processes. Epidemiological and clinical studies There is evidence that subclinical or overall hypothyroidism does not

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0581
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 2
Open access
Yi Chen Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Wen Zhang Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Chi Chen Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yuying Wang Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Ningjian Wang Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yingli Lu Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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suggested that overt hyperthyroidism increases the rate of both bone formation and resorption ( 9 , 11 , 37 ), hypothyroidism results in a low bone turnover state ( 38 ), and subclinical hyper- and hypothyroidism are correlated with bone loss ( 39 , 40

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0484
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 3
Open access