Tatiana V Novoselova
Tatiana V Novoselova
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Peter J King
Peter J King
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Leonardo Guasti
Leonardo Guasti
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Louise A Metherell
Louise A Metherell
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Adrian J L Clark
Adrian J L Clark
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Li F Chan
Li F Chan
Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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-2-receptor (MC2R)), cloned in 1992 ( 6 ), is a critical component of the HPA axis and a member of the melanocortin receptor family. Other members are MC1R, MC3R, MC4R and MC5R – the functions of which were recently reviewed elsewhere ( 4 ). MC2R is
Yanfei Chen
Yanfei Chen
Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Mei Li
Mei Li
Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Binrong Liao
Binrong Liao
Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Jingzi Zhong
Jingzi Zhong
Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Dan Lan
Dan Lan
Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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development of internal and external reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 in girls and 9 in boys ( 1 ). In recent years, the age of puberty initiation has been declining all over the world, paralleled by the increasing
Carmen Sydlik
Carmen Sydlik
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Inn-Salzach-Rott, Altoetting, Germany
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Ilja Dubinski
Ilja Dubinski
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Susanne Bechtold
Susanne Bechtold
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Heinrich Schmidt
Heinrich Schmidt
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Introduction Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is generally regarded as a standard parameter for the evaluation of thyroid function. However, in several conditions relying on TSH levels alone can be misleading, for instance in central
Paraskevi Kazakou
Paraskevi Kazakou
Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Stavroula A Paschou
Stavroula A Paschou
Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Theodora Psaltopoulou
Theodora Psaltopoulou
Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Maria Gavriatopoulou
Maria Gavriatopoulou
Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Eleni Korompoki
Eleni Korompoki
Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Katerina Stefanaki
Katerina Stefanaki
Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Fotini Kanouta
Fotini Kanouta
Department of Endocrinology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Georgia N Kassi
Georgia N Kassi
Department of Endocrinology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Asimina Mitrakou
Asimina Mitrakou
Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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East respiratory syndrome apart from infiltrating the lungs and causing lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can also affect skeletal muscle and liver functions ( 32 ). These two organs are responsible for insulin-mediated glucose
Xianghe Chen
Xianghe Chen
College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Xinyu Zeng
Xinyu Zeng
College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Xiao Qiu
Xiao Qiu
College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Chi Liu
Chi Liu
College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Pengcheng Lu
Pengcheng Lu
College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Ziming Shen
Ziming Shen
College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Xiangxiang Zhou
Xiangxiang Zhou
College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Kang Yang
Kang Yang
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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’s pathological progression to death. Meanwhile, its fibrosis degree affects renal function ( 1 , 2 ). Silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (Sirt1), as a key factor in regulating energy metabolism, exerts a nephroprotective effect by mediating
Christine Poitou
Christine Poitou
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de référence Maladies Rares (PRADORT, Syndrome de Prader-Willi et autres formes rares d’obésité avec troubles du comportement alimentaire), Service de Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Anthony Holland
Anthony Holland
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
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Charlotte Höybye
Charlotte Höybye
Department of Endocrinology and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Laura C G de Graaff
Laura C G de Graaff
Center for Adults with Rare Genetic Syndromes, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Sandrine Bottius
Sandrine Bottius
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de référence Maladies Rares (PRADORT, Syndrome de Prader-Willi et autres formes rares d’obésité avec troubles du comportement alimentaire), Service de Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Berit Otterlei
Berit Otterlei
Landsforeningen for Prader-Willis Syndrom Hiltonåsen, Slependen, Norway
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Maithé Tauber
Maithé Tauber
Centre de référence Maladies Rares (PRADORT, Syndrome de Prader-Willi et autres formes rares d’obésité avec troubles du comportement alimentaire), Service d’Endocrinologie, Obésités, Maladies Osseuses, Génétique et Gynécologie Médicale, Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
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, linguistic and cognitive skills are needed for individuals to function independently. International conventions and national laws rightfully place great importance on individual rights, which in adulthood means making one’s own choices, and respecting the
Stephen A Martin
Stephen A Martin
Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Kenneth A Philbrick
Kenneth A Philbrick
Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Carmen P Wong
Carmen P Wong
Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Dawn A Olson
Dawn A Olson
Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Adam J Branscum
Adam J Branscum
Biostatistics Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Donald B Jump
Donald B Jump
Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Charles K Marik
Charles K Marik
Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Jonathan M DenHerder
Jonathan M DenHerder
Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Jennifer L Sargent
Jennifer L Sargent
Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Russell T Turner
Russell T Turner
Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Urszula T Iwaniec
Urszula T Iwaniec
Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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neurons ( 10 , 11 ), and catecholaminergic activity modulates the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and may play a role in mediating premature bone loss in mice ( 12 , 13 ). Hormones can directly influence bone health, and sex steroids, in
Maurício Martins da Silva
Maurício Martins da Silva
Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Lueni Lopes Felix Xavier
Lueni Lopes Felix Xavier
Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Carlos Frederico Lima Gonçalves
Carlos Frederico Lima Gonçalves
Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Ana Paula Santos-Silva
Ana Paula Santos-Silva
Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
NUMPEX, Campus Duque de Caxias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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NUMPEX, Campus Duque de Caxias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Francisca Diana Paiva-Melo
Francisca Diana Paiva-Melo
Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Mariana Lopes de Freitas
Mariana Lopes de Freitas
Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Leandro Miranda-Alves
Leandro Miranda-Alves
Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Andrea Claudia Freitas Ferreira
Andrea Claudia Freitas Ferreira
Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
NUMPEX, Campus Duque de Caxias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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NUMPEX, Campus Duque de Caxias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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). BPA is an endocrine disruptor, being considered a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) ( 4 , 5 ), with important effects on reproductive function ( 4 , 6 ). Besides that, BPA was shown to have positive association with serum TSH ( 7 ) and
Ren-Lei Ji
Ren-Lei Ji
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Lu Huang
Lu Huang
State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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Yin Wang
Yin Wang
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Ting Liu
Ting Liu
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Si-Yu Fan
Si-Yu Fan
State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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Min Tao
Min Tao
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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Ya-Xiong Tao
Ya-Xiong Tao
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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shown to have other potential physiological functions in the periphery, including involvement in immune response and inflammation ( 20 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ), regulating cardiovascular function ( 27 , 28 ), and natriuresis ( 29 ). The MC3R primarily
Miranda Scharff
Miranda Scharff
Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Chantal Maria Wiepjes
Chantal Maria Wiepjes
Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Maartje Klaver
Maartje Klaver
Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Thomas Schreiner
Thomas Schreiner
Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Guy T’Sjoen
Guy T’Sjoen
Department of Endocrinology & Center for Sexology and Gender, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Martin den Heijer
Martin den Heijer
Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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. References 1 Cohen-Kettenis PT Pfafflin F . The DSM diagnostic criteria for gender identity disorder in adolescents and adults . Archives of Sexual Behavior 2010 39 . ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-009-9562-y ) 19838784 2 Walston JD
