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Anna Malczewska Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Magdalena Witkowska Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Karolina Makulik Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Agnes Bocian Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Agata Walter Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Joanna Pilch-Kowalczyk Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Wojciech Zajęcki Department of Pathology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Lisa Bodei Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA

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Kjell Oberg Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

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Beata Kos-Kudła Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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accurate diagnostic biomarker for SINET and PNET. These results are concordant with imaging and provide a good assessment of disease status. The NETest was as accurate as imaging as a diagnostic. The use of a multianalyte gene blood test and imaging may

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0030
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 4
Open access
N K Stepto Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Medicine-Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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D Hiam Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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M Gibson-Helm Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

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S Cassar Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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C L Harrison Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

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S K Hutchison Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

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A E Joham Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

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B J Canny School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia

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A Moreno-Asso Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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B J Strauss Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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N Hatzirodos The Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

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R J Rodgers The Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

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H J Teede Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Diabetes and Endocrine Units, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

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resistance has not been investigated. We therefore hypothesised that the women with PCOS compared to BMI-matched controls would be associated with unique defects in insulin signal transduction and altered ECM and TGFβ signalling network gene expression. We

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0551
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 4
Open access
Monika Karczewska-Kupczewska Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Agnieszka Nikołajuk Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland

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Magdalena Stefanowicz Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Natalia Matulewicz Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Irina Kowalska Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

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Marek Strączkowski Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland

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) and adipogenic ( CEBPA , CEBPB and PPARG ) genes were analyzed with quantitative real time PCR. The samples were quantified with a Light Cycler 480 II Real-Time PCR Instrument (Roche Diagnostics) using Roche LightCycler480 Probes Master (Roche

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0084
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 5
Open access
E Kohva Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

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P J Miettinen Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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S Taskinen Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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M Hero Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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A Tarkkanen Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

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T Raivio Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

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ongoing global debate on the treatment policies of these patients ( 4 , 14 , 18 , 19 , 20 ). The first step toward evidence-based, optimal care of this patient group would be to describe the current status of diagnostics and management in pediatric

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0070
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 4
Open access
Yiqiang Huang Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

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Lin-ang Wang Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

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Qiubo Xie Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

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Jian Pang Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

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Luofu Wang Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

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Yuting Yi Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Jun Zhang Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

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Yao Zhang Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

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Rongrong Chen Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Weihua Lan Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

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Dianzheng Zhang Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

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Jun Jiang Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

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subunit C) and SDHD and two catalytic subunits SDHA (succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A) and SDHB. SDHB , an eight-exon gene localized on chromosome 1p36.13 and part of the mitochondrial electron transport complex II, is the most

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0325
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 12
Open access
T Szarvas Department of Urology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

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B Jardin-Watelet Thermo Fisher Scientific Cezanne SAS, Clinical Diagnostics Division, Nimes, France

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N Bourgoin Thermo Fisher Scientific Cezanne SAS, Clinical Diagnostics Division, Nimes, France

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M J Hoffmann Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany

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P Nyirády Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

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C Oláh Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

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T Széll Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

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A Csizmarik Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

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B Hadaschik Department of Urology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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H Reis Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Introduction Chromogranin A (CGA) is a 49 kDa glycoprotein encoded by the chromogranin A gene on chromosome 14q32.12. It belongs to the granin family of secretory proteins that are ubiquitous in the nervous, endocrine and immune systems. It is

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0068
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 5
Open access
Ana Carolina de Jesus Paniza Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Thais Biude Mendes Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Matheus Duarte Borges Viana Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Débora Mota Dias Thomaz Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Paula B O Chiappini Department of Pathology, Hospital Heliópolis, São Paulo, Brazil

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Gabriel A Colozza-Gama Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Susan Chow Lindsey Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Marcos Brasilino de Carvalho Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Heliópolis, São Paulo, Brazil

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Venâncio Avancini Ferreira Alves Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Otavio Curioni Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Heliópolis, São Paulo, Brazil

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André Uchimura Bastos Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Janete Maria Cerutti Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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more subtle than FVPTC and mainly localized to the periphery of the neoplasm), no psammoma bodies, no necrosis, and no more than three mitoses per 10 high-power fields (400×) are the most recent criteria used for this diagnostic category ( 14 ). Based

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0459
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 11
Open access
Bingbing Wang Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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Mayra Cruz Ithier Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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Nataliya Parobchak Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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Stacy M Yadava Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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Jay Schulkin Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Todd Rosen Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

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been proposed is that vitamin D might inhibit CRH gene expression in placenta tissue and thereby decrease the vulnerability for prematurity in childbirth ( 10 , 11 ). Indeed, Mohamed and colleagues have suggested that vitamin D and CRH might be

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0345
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 12
Open access
Masafumi Tetsuka Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan

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Misato Tanakadate Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan

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) following the procedure provided by the manufacturer. The abundance of mRNAs was quantified via real-time PCR using FastStart Essential DNA Green Master (Roche Diagnostics GmbH) and Light Cycler Nano (Roche). Specific primers for target genes were designed

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0188
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 7
Open access
Djeda Belharazem Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Matthias Kirchner Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany
Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Franziska Geissler Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Peter Bugert Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Martin Spahn Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Burkhard Kneitz Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Hubertus Riedmiller Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Christian Sauer Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Stefan Küffer Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Lutz Trojan Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Christian Bolenz Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Maurice Stephan Michel Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Alexander Marx Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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Philipp Ströbel Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany
Institute of Pathology, Institute of Pathology Nordhessen, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Departments of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany

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men over 65 years (3) . Age dependence in cancers could be the result of accumulation of DNA damage (4) or epigenetic changes (5) in somatic cells. Imprinting is one mechanism of epigenetic gene regulation. Imprinted genes carry epigenetic marks

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-12-0054
Volume/Issue:
Volume 1: Issue 2
Open access