A H Ludwig-Slomczynska
A H Ludwig-Slomczynska
Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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S Borys
S Borys
Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College
University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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M T Seweryn
M T Seweryn
Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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J Hohendorff
J Hohendorff
Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College
University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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P Kapusta
P Kapusta
Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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B Kiec-Wilk
B Kiec-Wilk
Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College
University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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E Pitera
E Pitera
Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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P P Wolkow
P P Wolkow
Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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M T Malecki
M T Malecki
Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College
University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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action on the molecular level, however, is only partially understood. NPWT results in a local tissue alteration toward more pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory molecular conditions. Specifically, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, and matrix
Fahim Ebrahimi
Fahim Ebrahimi
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Sandrine A Urwyler
Sandrine A Urwyler
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Philipp Schuetz
Philipp Schuetz
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
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Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
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Beat Mueller
Beat Mueller
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
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Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
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Luca Bernasconi
Luca Bernasconi
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
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Peter Neyer
Peter Neyer
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
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Marc Y Donath
Marc Y Donath
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Mirjam Christ-Crain
Mirjam Christ-Crain
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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pathway in the development of metabolic complications and atherosclerosis is the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from adipose tissue promoting a state of chronic low-grade inflammation ( 3 , 4 , 5 ). It has been suggested that inflammation in turn
E R Polina
E R Polina
Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
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F M Oliveira
F M Oliveira
Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
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R C Sbruzzi
R C Sbruzzi
Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
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D Crispim
D Crispim
Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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L H Canani
L H Canani
Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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K G Santos
K G Santos
Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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adaptive immune systems. It is expressed in several immune cell types, where it acts a positive modulator of cell proliferation, cell differentiation and effector responses, such as cytokine and antibody production ( 11 ). miR-155 is responsive to stress
Linfei Yang
Linfei Yang
Center for Medical Experiments, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Xiao Yu
Xiao Yu
Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Yongchao Yang
Yongchao Yang
Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
European Pancreas Center, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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European Pancreas Center, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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). Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a crucial regulator of gene expression in response to signalling of the glycoprotein 130 (gp130) family of cytokines that includes IL-6 ( 13 ). The STAT3 signalling pathway plays a key role in
Bharat Kumar
Bharat Kumar
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Madhukar Mittal
Madhukar Mittal
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Maya Gopalakrishnan
Maya Gopalakrishnan
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Mahendra K Garg
Mahendra K Garg
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Sanjeev Misra
Sanjeev Misra
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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on to develop rapid-onset of devastating complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), cytokine storm leading to multi-organ involvement and shock. Certain characteristics can
Xiuzhen Hou
Xiuzhen Hou
Division 1 of Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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Junfeng Zhang
Junfeng Zhang
Division 1 of Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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Hehong Ma
Hehong Ma
Division 1 of Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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Ming Li
Ming Li
Division 1 of Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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Pei Wang
Pei Wang
Division 1 of Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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regulating Keap1/Nrf2 signaling ( 40 ). In patients with type 2 diabetes, Nrf2 is positively correlated with Th2 cytokines and is able to partially restore the stress cytokine-inhibited insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells ( 41 ). Importantly, introduction
Aleksandra Krygier
Aleksandra Krygier
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska
Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Dorota Filipowicz
Dorota Filipowicz
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Marek Ruchała
Marek Ruchała
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The latter axis is triggered by cytokines, mainly IL-6, which activates JAK2 and leads to phosphorylation of STAT3, enabling its translocation to the nucleus and upregulation of HAMP gene transcription
Janko Sattler
Janko Sattler
Adrenal Steroid Group, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Jinwen Tu
Jinwen Tu
Adrenal Steroid Group, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Shihani Stoner
Shihani Stoner
Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Jingbao Li
Jingbao Li
Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, China
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Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, China
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Frank Buttgereit
Frank Buttgereit
Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Markus J Seibel
Markus J Seibel
Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Hong Zhou
Hong Zhou
Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Mark S Cooper
Mark S Cooper
Adrenal Steroid Group, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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pro-inflammatory cytokines has been proposed ( 6 ). The function of the HPA axis is to maintain an appropriate level of glucocorticoids within the circulation; however, it is now known that the level of active glucocorticoids varies within tissues
Marianna Martino
Marianna Martino
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Paolo Falcioni
Paolo Falcioni
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Giulia Giancola
Giulia Giancola
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Alessandro Ciarloni
Alessandro Ciarloni
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Gianmaria Salvio
Gianmaria Salvio
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Francesca Silvetti
Francesca Silvetti
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Augusto Taccaliti
Augusto Taccaliti
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Giorgio Arnaldi
Giorgio Arnaldi
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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, recurrence and death is well established ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ). In the majority of cases, para-pneumonic hyponatremia is sustained by a syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuresis (SIAD), where hypoxia and inflammatory cytokines, such as
Camila Aparecida Moma
Camila Aparecida Moma
Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Icléia Siqueira Barreto
Icléia Siqueira Barreto
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ligia Vera Montali Assumpção
Ligia Vera Montali Assumpção
Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Denise Engelbrecht Zantut-Wittmann
Denise Engelbrecht Zantut-Wittmann
Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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production), Th17 (inflammation), or T reg (immunosuppression) activation may occur ( 17 , 18 ). Once Th17 is activated, IL-17 stimulation results in the production of cytokines that recruit more effector cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T
