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Benjamin D Maylor Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK

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Julia K Zakrzewski-Fruer Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK

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Charlie J Orton Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK

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Daniel P Bailey Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
Centre for Physical Activity in Health and Disease, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK

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any allergies to the food and drink being provided in the study. Sample size Sample size estimations were based on previous data ( 18 ). Based on a 10% within-group error variance, a within-person correlation of 0.6, 80% power, and α = 0.05, it

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Selma Flora Nordqvist Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Victor Brun Boesen Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Åse Krogh Rasmussen Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Laszlo Hegedüs Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Steen Joop Bonnema Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Per Karkov Cramon Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Torquil Watt Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Mogens Groenvold Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Palliative Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jakob Bue Bjorner Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
QualityMetric Incorporated, LLC, Johnston, Rhode Island, USA

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values may be used in classical power and sample size calculation for future clinical trials, comparing mean levels of groups. In some instances (e.g. important outcomes for non-toxic goiter interventions), smaller differences may be argued for ( 35

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Cecilia Lundin Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Agota Malmborg Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

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Julia Slezak Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

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Kristina Gemzell Danielsson Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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Marie Bixo Department of Clinical Science, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

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Hanna Bengtsdotter Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden

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Lena Marions Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden

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Ingela Lindh Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Elvar Theodorsson Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

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Mats Hammar Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

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Inger Sundström-Poromaa Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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. Free androgen index was calculated as (testosterone/SHBG) ×100. Statistics The power analysis was based on data from Graham and colleagues who used a five-point scale for assessment of sexual desire ( 7 ). Assuming that the SD was twice the size

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Fahim Ebrahimi Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland

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Sandrine A Urwyler Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland

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Philipp Schuetz Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Beat Mueller Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Luca Bernasconi Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Peter Neyer Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland

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Marc Y Donath Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland

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Mirjam Christ-Crain Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland

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and metabolic syndrome. However, the current trial was not designed and not powered to investigate the effects on glucose metabolism, since most of the included patients did not have impaired glucose tolerance (only 16 (24%) patients were diabetic

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Ana Carolina de Jesus Paniza Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Thais Biude Mendes Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Matheus Duarte Borges Viana Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Débora Mota Dias Thomaz Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Paula B O Chiappini Department of Pathology, Hospital Heliópolis, São Paulo, Brazil

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Gabriel A Colozza-Gama Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Susan Chow Lindsey Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Marcos Brasilino de Carvalho Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Heliópolis, São Paulo, Brazil

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Venâncio Avancini Ferreira Alves Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Otavio Curioni Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Heliópolis, São Paulo, Brazil

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André Uchimura Bastos Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Janete Maria Cerutti Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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more subtle than FVPTC and mainly localized to the periphery of the neoplasm), no psammoma bodies, no necrosis, and no more than three mitoses per 10 high-power fields (400×) are the most recent criteria used for this diagnostic category ( 14 ). Based

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E R Polina Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil

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F M Oliveira Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil

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R C Sbruzzi Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil

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D Crispim Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil

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L H Canani Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil

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K G Santos Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil

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and no previous study has investigated the association of the rs767649 polymorphism with this complication, sample size and study power were not determined a priori . In relation to the plasma levels of miR-155, we used the results obtained in a

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Malin Nylander Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Signe Frøssing Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark

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Caroline Kistorp Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark

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Jens Faber Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark

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Sven O Skouby Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. Statistics A sample size calculation based on an estimated standard deviation of 130 units obtained from in-house data, declared 63 subjects, randomized 2:1, needed for 80% power to find a difference in

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Nicolai Preisler Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Pascal Laforêt Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Paris-Est, Institut de Myologie, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France

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Karen Lindhardt Madsen Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Edith Husu Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Christoffer Rasmus Vissing Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Gitte Hedermann Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Henrik Galbo Department of Inflammation Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Christopher Lindberg Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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John Vissing Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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with an un-paired t -test). Data from a previous study were used to estimate sample size, and PS Power and Sample Size, version 3.0.0.43. was used to calculate the sample size for the primary outcomes ( 21 , 22 ). Statistical analysis was performed

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Benjamin G Challis Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Wolfson Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
IMED Biotech Unit, Clinical Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, UK

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Andrew S Powlson Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Wolfson Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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Ruth T Casey Wolfson Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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Carla Pearson Wolfson Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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Brian Y Lam Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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Marcella Ma Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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Deborah Pitfield Wolfson Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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Giles S H Yeo Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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Edmund Godfrey Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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Heok K Cheow Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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V Krishna Chatterjee Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Wolfson Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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Nicholas R Carroll Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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Ashley Shaw Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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John R Buscombe Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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Helen L Simpson Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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powered, controlled clinical trials. Thus, reporting outcomes from patient series remains a vital conduit for disseminating evidence that additional therapies may be used safely and effectively to manage refractory hypoglycaemia in this rare and clinically

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John E M Midgley
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Rolf Larisch North Lakes Clinical, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Department I, Ruhr Center for Rare Diseases (CeSER), 20 Wheatley Avenue, Ilkley LS29 8PT, UK

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Johannes W Dietrich North Lakes Clinical, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Department I, Ruhr Center for Rare Diseases (CeSER), 20 Wheatley Avenue, Ilkley LS29 8PT, UK
North Lakes Clinical, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Department I, Ruhr Center for Rare Diseases (CeSER), 20 Wheatley Avenue, Ilkley LS29 8PT, UK

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Rudolf Hoermann North Lakes Clinical, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Department I, Ruhr Center for Rare Diseases (CeSER), 20 Wheatley Avenue, Ilkley LS29 8PT, UK

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considerable inter-individual variation, these measures apparently lack statistical power in a trial setting and have not been clearly linked to prognosis. For example, even a change in thyroid function as profound as the transition from the hypothyroid to the

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