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Wenrui Wang Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China

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Chuan Zhang Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China

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Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an epidemic chronic disease characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis, leading to hyperglycemia and multiple complications such as cardiopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. The prevalence

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N Bergmann Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark

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F Gyntelberg Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark

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J Faber Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
Endocrine Unit, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark

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, Insulin resistance, Diabetes mellitus, Blood glucose, Psychological stress, Psychosocial stress, Work stress, Job stress, Strain, Prospective, Cohort, and Longitudinal. Web of Science was used to search for references and citations from selected articles

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Yuanyuan Li Department of Endocrinology, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China

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Dongmei Li Department of Endocrinology, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China

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Xingbo Cheng Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China

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Introduction The burgeoning epidemic of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) threatens maternal and infant health. GDM is characterized by glucose intolerance, which causes poorly controlled diabetes during pregnancy. Insulin resistance is an

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Xiujuan Su Department of Women & Children’s Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yan Zhao Department of Women & Children’s Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Zhijuan Cao Department of Women & Children’s Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yingying Yang Department of Women & Children’s Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Tony Duan Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jing Hua Department of Women & Children’s Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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of a series of pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes, including gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm delivery, placenta previa, placenta abruption and neonatal weight-related outcomes. Subjects and

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C E Higham Department of Endocrinology, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK

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A Olsson-Brown The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Bebbington, Wirral, UK
The University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, UK

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P Carroll Department of Endocrinology, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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T Cooksley Department of Acute Medicine, UHSM and Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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J Larkin Skin Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK

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P Lorigan Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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D Morganstein Department of Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK

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P J Trainer Department of Endocrinology, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK

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the Society for Endocrinology Clinical Committee The Society for Endocrinology, Starling House, 1600 Bristol Parkway North, Bristol, UK

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cortisol deficiency first. Hyperglycemia CPI’s can induce pancreatic failure and an insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus. Plasma glucose should be measured in all unwell patients treated with a CPI. Hyperglycemia should be managed as

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P R van Dijk Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands

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S J J Logtenberg Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands
Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands

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K H Groenier Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands
Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands

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N Kleefstra Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands
Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands
Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands

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H J G Bilo Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands
Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands
Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands

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H J Arnqvist Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands
Diabetes Centre, Departments of Internal Medicine, General Practice, Langerhans Medical Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isala Clinics, PO Box 10400, 8000 G.K. Zwolle, The Netherlands

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the hepatic sensitivity of GH stimulation and subsequently increases IGF1 production (8) . Furthermore, insulin increases IGF1 bioactivity by a down-regulation of IGFBP1 expression in the liver (5) . In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), with

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Ying Pei Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Rui Wang School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Wanyu Chen Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Shulin Yi Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Chen Huang Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Shaochan Liang School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Hongying Cao School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Yifei Xu Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China

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Bo Tan Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Introduction Obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are thought to be caused by the Western, high-fat diet (HFD) ( 1 ). These diseases are associated with various gastrointestinal (GI) motility

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Angela Köninger Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Antonella Iannaccone Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Ensar Hajder Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Mirjam Frank Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Boerge Schmidt Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Ekkehard Schleussner Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany

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Rainer Kimmig Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Alexandra Gellhaus Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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Hans Dieplinger Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

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pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) ( 11 , 12 ). IR, as determined with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) ( 13 ), when present before the beginning of a pregnancy seems to be the strongest factor associated with the

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Enrique Soto-Pedre Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK

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Paul J Newey Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK

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John S Bevan JJR Macleod Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (Mac-DEM), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK

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Graham P Leese Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK

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, surgical procedures and cancer registration), Scottish Care Information-Diabetes Collaboration – SCIDC database (data from primary care and diabetes clinics on diabetes mellitus), prescriptions dispensed and the General Registrar Office – GRO records on

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Helga Schultz Department of Cardiology, Nephrology and Endocrinology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark

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Svend Aage Engelholm Department of Radiation Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Eva Harder Department of Oncology and Palliation, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark

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Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard Department of Cardiology, Nephrology and Endocrinology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Peter Lommer Kristensen Department of Cardiology, Nephrology and Endocrinology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark

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(MSCC) and brain tumours. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known metabolic side effect from treatment with glucocorticoids. The diabetogenic effect is mainly a result of insulin resistance in muscle and fatty tissue, increased production of glucose from

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