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Fizzah Iqbal Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Plymouth, Plymouth, UK

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William Adams Department of Radiology, University Hospital Plymouth, Plymouth, UK

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Ioannis Dimitropoulos Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Plymouth, Plymouth, UK

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Samiul Muquit Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Plymouth, Plymouth, UK

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Daniel Flanagan Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Plymouth, Plymouth, UK

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1994 and 2019 were identified and included in this study. Thirty-three people presented with a clinical syndrome that would be described as pituitary apoplexy, 22 presented with a sub-clinical syndrome. The full clinical history at the time of

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0545
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 2
Open access
Laura van Iersel Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Sarah C Clement Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Antoinette Y N Schouten-van Meeteren Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Annemieke M Boot Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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Hedi L Claahsen-van der Grinten Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Bernd Granzen Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands

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K Sen Han Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Geert O Janssens Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Erna M Michiels Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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A S Paul van Trotsenburg Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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W Peter Vandertop Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam and location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Dannis G van Vuurden Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Hubert N Caron Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Leontien C M Kremer Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Hanneke M van Santen Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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irradiation, we limited the interference of thyroidal dysfunction on thyroid function parameters by excluding all patients with overt primary or subclinical (primary) hypothyroidism, as defined below ( n  = 39). In addition, patients with HPDs before receiving

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0311
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 12
Open access
Karim Gariani Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

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Pedro Marques-Vidal Departments of Medicine and Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Gérard Waeber Departments of Medicine and Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Peter Vollenweider Departments of Medicine and Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

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François R Jornayvaz Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

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(TG) level, increased insulin resistance (IR) and a higher fasting plasma glucose ( 5 ). Patients with T2DM may exhibit evidence of subclinical hypercortisolism such as higher 24-h urine-free cortisol levels, higher plasma cortisol levels after

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0251
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 7
Open access
Christin Krause Epigenetics & Metabolism, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Martina Grohs Epigenetics & Metabolism, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Alexander T El Gammal Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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Stefan Wolter Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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Hendrik Lehnert Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Oliver Mann Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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Jens Mittag Molecular Endocrinology, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Henriette Kirchner Epigenetics & Metabolism, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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with longevity ( 33 ). Moreover, older adults show a prevalence for subclinical hypothyroidism, but it is currently highly controversial whether a treatment is beneficial or harmful ( 34 ). Consequently, data on the local change in TH economy on the

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0499
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 12
Open access
Aaron Lerner B. Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
AESKU.KIPP Institute, Wendelsheim, Germany

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Patricia Jeremias AESKU.KIPP Institute, Wendelsheim, Germany

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Torsten Matthias AESKU.KIPP Institute, Wendelsheim, Germany

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-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO). The disease is a common cause of low thyroid hormones with a high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) but some exhibit subclinical hypothyroidism. Interestingly, symptoms of HT and celiac disease (CD) often overlap ( Table 1 ), and

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0021
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 4
Open access
Bjørn O Åsvold Department of Endocrinology, Department of Public Health, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, P O Box 3250 Sluppen, N-7006 Trondheim, Norway
Department of Endocrinology, Department of Public Health, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, P O Box 3250 Sluppen, N-7006 Trondheim, Norway

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Valdemar Grill Department of Endocrinology, Department of Public Health, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, P O Box 3250 Sluppen, N-7006 Trondheim, Norway
Department of Endocrinology, Department of Public Health, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, P O Box 3250 Sluppen, N-7006 Trondheim, Norway

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Ketil Thorstensen Department of Endocrinology, Department of Public Health, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, P O Box 3250 Sluppen, N-7006 Trondheim, Norway

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Marit R Bjørgaas Department of Endocrinology, Department of Public Health, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, P O Box 3250 Sluppen, N-7006 Trondheim, Norway
Department of Endocrinology, Department of Public Health, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, P O Box 3250 Sluppen, N-7006 Trondheim, Norway

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=26)). In two subjects with positive DST, the suspicion of Cushing's syndrome was refuted by clinical evaluation without further tests for Cushing's syndrome, and in these subjects, subclinical Cushing's syndrome cannot be excluded. We therefore

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-12-0047
Volume/Issue:
Volume 1: Issue 2
Open access
Luca Persani Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Biagio Cangiano Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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Marco Bonomi Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

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some CeH patients with a predominant hypothalamic defect. In this subgroup of patients, TSH levels are superimposable to those generally found in subclinical or mild primary hypothyroidism, although the molecule is devoid of full biological activity and

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0515
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 2
Open access
Waleed K W Al-Badri Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Hinke Marijke Jellema Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Arnaud R G G Potvin Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Ruth M A van Nispen Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Peter H Bisschop Department of Endocrinology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Peerooz Saeed Orbital center Amsterdam, Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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et al . found that patients who became subclinically hypothyroid after treatment had significantly more depression compared to those who were euthyroid ( 49 ). This finding is consistent with the literature, as subclinical hypothyroidism has been

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Thyroid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-24-0259
Volume/Issue:
Volume 13: Issue 9
Open access
Katica Bajuk Studen Nuclear Medicine Department, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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Marija Pfeifer Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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, clear data from large end point trials about cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in PCOS is currently lacking, although there are plenty of data on early occurrence of subclinical, potentially reversible atherosclerosis in women with PCOS ( 6 ). The

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0129
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 7
Open access
Karoline Winckler Department of Cardiology, Department of Research, Institute of Clinical Studies, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Endocrinology

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Lise Tarnow Department of Cardiology, Department of Research, Institute of Clinical Studies, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Endocrinology
Department of Cardiology, Department of Research, Institute of Clinical Studies, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Endocrinology
Department of Cardiology, Department of Research, Institute of Clinical Studies, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Endocrinology

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Louise Lundby-Christensen Department of Cardiology, Department of Research, Institute of Clinical Studies, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Endocrinology
Department of Cardiology, Department of Research, Institute of Clinical Studies, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Endocrinology

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Thomas P Almdal Department of Cardiology, Department of Research, Institute of Clinical Studies, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Endocrinology
Department of Cardiology, Department of Research, Institute of Clinical Studies, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Endocrinology

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Niels Wiinberg Department of Cardiology, Department of Research, Institute of Clinical Studies, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Endocrinology

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Pia Eiken Department of Cardiology, Department of Research, Institute of Clinical Studies, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Endocrinology
Department of Cardiology, Department of Research, Institute of Clinical Studies, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Endocrinology

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Trine W Boesgaard Department of Cardiology, Department of Research, Institute of Clinical Studies, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Endocrinology

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the CIMT trial group
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vitamin D deficiency (defined as 25(OH)D <50 nmol/l) and subclinical as well as prevalent CVD, being persistent after adjustment for confounders. One study has also found a significant association between vitamin D levels and arterial stiffness (measured

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-15-0034
Volume/Issue:
Volume 4: Issue 2
Open access