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Nathalie Ly Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, Reference Center for Gynecological Rare Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France

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Sophie Dubreuil Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, Reference Center for Gynecological Rare Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France

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Philippe Touraine Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Reference Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, Reference Center for Gynecological Rare Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
EndoERN, APHP Consortium Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
Sorbonne University, Paris, France

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human ovary . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1994 79 670 – 672 . ( https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.79.2.7519196 ) 5 Doldi N Bassan M Bonzi V Ferrari A . Effects of growth hormone and growth hormone-releasing hormone on steroid

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0241
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 12
Open access
Werner F Blum University Children’s Hospital, Giessen, Germany

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Abdullah Alherbish Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Afaf Alsagheir King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Ahmed El Awwa Department of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Hamad Medical Center, Doha, Qatar

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Walid Kaplan Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, UAE

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Ekaterina Koledova Global Medical Affairs Endocrinology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany

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Martin O Savage William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK

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steroid deficiency (e.g. Turner syndrome at the age of puberty) GH, growth hormone; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; IGFBP, IGF-binding protein. The IGF-I generation test The IGFGT was designed in the 1980s to predict growth

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0099
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 6
Open access
Brendan J Nolan Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Aviva S Frydman Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Shalem Y Leemaqz College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

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Meg Carroll Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Mathis Grossmann Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Jeffrey D Zajac Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Ada S Cheung Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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complete the entire PSQI questionnaire. Figure 1 Study subjects and flow of participants. Baseline clinical characteristics are shown in Table 1 . There was no difference in age, duration of feminising hormone therapy, sex steroid

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Reproduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0170
Volume/Issue:
Volume 11: Issue 5
Open access
Kerry V Fanson Wildlife Reproductive Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia
Wildlife Reproductive Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia

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Tamara Keeley Wildlife Reproductive Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia
Wildlife Reproductive Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia

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Benjamin G Fanson Wildlife Reproductive Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia

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. Serum prolactin concentrations in the captive female African elephant ( Loxodonta africana ): potential effects of season and steroid hormone interactions . General and Comparative Endocrinology 1999 114 269 – 278 . ( doi:10.1006/gcen.1999

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-14-0025
Volume/Issue:
Volume 3: Issue 2
Open access
Trine Holm Johannsen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Jakob Albrethsen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Vassos Neocleous The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, Nicosia, Cyprus

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Federico Baronio S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Bologna, Italy

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Martine Cools Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital and Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

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Lise Aksglaede Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Niels Jørgensen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Peter Christiansen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Meropi Toumba The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, Nicosia, Cyprus
Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Aretaeio Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus

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Pavlos Fanis The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, Nicosia, Cyprus

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Marie Lindhardt Ljubicic Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Anders Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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adrenocorticotropic hormone and, thus, an overproduction of adrenal androgens, which may result in virilization, an altered growth pattern, and infertility ( 2 ). Treatment of CAH may comprise life-long replacement therapy with glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Adrenal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-23-0073
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 8
Open access
Ingeborg Brønstad Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway

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Lars Breivik Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway

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Paal Methlie Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway

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Anette S B Wolff Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway

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Eirik Bratland Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway

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Ingrid Nermoen Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway

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Kristian Løvås Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway

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Eystein S Husebye Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway

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Introduction The CYP21A2 gene encodes the enzyme steroid 21-hydroxylase (21OH), which is essential for steroid synthesis in the adrenal cortex. Mutations in CYP21A2 are the main cause of the autosomal recessive disorder congenital adrenal

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-14-0032
Volume/Issue:
Volume 3: Issue 2
Open access
Florian Schederecker Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany

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Alexander Cecil Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

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Cornelia Prehn Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

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Jana Nano Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany

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Wolfgang Koenig Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany

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Jerzy Adamski Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

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Tanja Zeller Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany

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Annette Peters Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany

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Barbara Thorand Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany

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, missing values in at least one of the cofounding covariates, persons treated with exogenous sexual hormones (anti-estrogens, androgens, anti-androgens, enzyme-inhibitors, gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs and anabolic steroids). Further, we excluded

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0080
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 4
Open access
Bliss Anderson Department of Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Daniel L Morganstein Department of Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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lifelong hormonal replacement. Untreated endocrinopathy can be life threatening. Whilst both CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibitors are associated most commonly with thyroid dysfunction, hypophysitis resulting in adrenal insufficiency, and insulin-dependent diabetes

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0489
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 3
Open access
Robert I Menzies The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Xin Zhao The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Linda J Mullins The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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John J Mullins The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Carolynn Cairns The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Nicola Wrobel The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Donald R Dunbar The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Matthew A Bailey The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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Christopher J Kenyon The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK

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, 5 ). As steroid hormones are synthesised on demand, the availability of intramitochondrial cholesterol initiates steroidogenesis by providing substrate for the first rate-limiting enzyme in the steroidogenic pathway ( 6 ). Long-term exposure to ACTH

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0092
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 7
Open access
Henryk F Urbanski Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

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Kevin Mueller Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA

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Cynthia L Bethea Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

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unclear if age-associated perturbations of activity-rest cycles and alterations in circadian hormone patterns are exacerbated after menopause by maintenance on a typical high-fat, high-sugar WSD and, more importantly, if these changes can be overcome by E

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0108
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 6
Open access