Peiwen Wu
Peiwen Wu
Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Dongjie He
Dongjie He
Department of Radiation Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Hao Chang
Hao Chang
Department of Radiation Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Xiaozhi Zhang
Xiaozhi Zhang
Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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worse prognosis. This is consistent with the results of previous studies ( 1 , 13 , 44 ). Possible explanations for the poorer prognosis in men are that estrogen and progesterone receptor expression is associated with the prognosis of patients with
Qiuli Liu
Qiuli Liu
Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Lin-ang Wang
Lin-ang Wang
Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Jian Su
Jian Su
Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medical, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Dali Tong
Dali Tong
Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Weihua Lan
Weihua Lan
Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Luofu Wang
Luofu Wang
Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Gaolei Liu
Gaolei Liu
Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Jun Zhang
Jun Zhang
Department of Obstetrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Victor Wei Zhang
Victor Wei Zhang
Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
AmCare Genomics Lab, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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AmCare Genomics Lab, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Dianzheng Zhang
Dianzheng Zhang
Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Rongrong Chen
Rongrong Chen
Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Qingyi Zhu
Qingyi Zhu
Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medical, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Jun Jiang
Jun Jiang
Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the 17α-hydroxylation of pregnenolone and progesterone and the 17,20-cleavage of the corresponding hydroxylated steroids ( 5 ). CYP17A1 deficiency leads to the impaired synthesis of both glucocorticoids and androgen, resulting in
Bledar Daka
Bledar Daka
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Social Medicine and Global Health, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 454, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Social Medicine and Global Health, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 454, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Social Medicine and Global Health, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 454, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Thord Rosen
Thord Rosen
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Social Medicine and Global Health, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 454, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Per Anders Jansson
Per Anders Jansson
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Social Medicine and Global Health, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 454, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lennart Råstam
Lennart Råstam
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Social Medicine and Global Health, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 454, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Charlotte A Larsson
Charlotte A Larsson
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Social Medicine and Global Health, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 454, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Social Medicine and Global Health, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 454, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Social Medicine and Global Health, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 454, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ulf Lindblad
Ulf Lindblad
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Social Medicine and Global Health, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 454, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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as leisure time physical activity. Women on treatment with contraceptives and hormonal replacement therapy (progesterone alone, oestrogen alone or the combination) were excluded from analyses (remaining women=1002). Standard instruments were also used
Jennifer K Y Ko
Jennifer K Y Ko
Department of Women’s Health, University College London Hospital, London, UK
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Thomas F J King
Thomas F J King
Department of Women’s Health, University College London Hospital, London, UK
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Louise Williams
Louise Williams
Department of Women’s Health, University College London Hospital, London, UK
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Sarah M Creighton
Sarah M Creighton
Department of Women’s Health, University College London Hospital, London, UK
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Gerard S Conway
Gerard S Conway
Department of Women’s Health, University College London Hospital, London, UK
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use of testosterone, which in this situation is used as a prohormone providing oestradiol via aromatisation. As women with CAIS do not have a uterus, progesterone is not required. Based on our clinical experience, interest in the use of testosterone
Lachlan Angus
Lachlan Angus
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Shalem Leemaqz
Shalem Leemaqz
Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
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Olivia Ooi
Olivia Ooi
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Pauline Cundill
Pauline Cundill
Equinox Gender Diverse Clinic, Thorne Harbour Health, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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Nicholas Silberstein
Nicholas Silberstein
Equinox Gender Diverse Clinic, Thorne Harbour Health, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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Peter Locke
Peter Locke
Equinox Gender Diverse Clinic, Thorne Harbour Health, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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Jeffrey D Zajac
Jeffrey D Zajac
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Ada S Cheung
Ada S Cheung
Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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progesterone receptor which, similar to oestradiol treatment, causes further negative feedback to suppress GnRH and gonadotropins at the hypothalamus and pituitary respectively to lower testosterone production ( 16 , 17 ). As spironolactone may potentially
Angelo Maria Patti
Angelo Maria Patti
Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Kalliopi Pafili
Kalliopi Pafili
Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Nikolaos Papanas
Nikolaos Papanas
Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Manfredi Rizzo
Manfredi Rizzo
Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Introduction There are several pregnancy indices of hormonal changes (such as oestrogens, progesterone, corticotropin-releasing hormone, cortisol, human placental growth hormone and human placental lactogen) that are implicated in the
Timothy J Morris
Timothy J Morris
Directorate of Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Andrew Whatmore
Andrew Whatmore
Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Laura Hamilton
Laura Hamilton
Pathology Department, Clinical Biochemistry, Huddersfield Royal Infirmary, Lindley, Huddersfield, UK
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Beverly Hird
Beverly Hird
Directorate of Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Eric S Kilpatrick
Eric S Kilpatrick
Directorate of Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Lesley Tetlow
Lesley Tetlow
Directorate of Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Peter Clayton
Peter Clayton
Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
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present for plasma sodium ( Table 3 ). Table 3 Correlations between renin MoU, electrolytes, 17α-OH-progesterone and fludrocortisone dose. Sodium Potassium 17α-OHP Fludrocortisone dose Post-clinic fludrocortisone dose
Sophie Howarth
Sophie Howarth
Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Luca Giovanelli
Luca Giovanelli
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Catherine Napier
Catherine Napier
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Simon H Pearce
Simon H Pearce
Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Department of Endocrinology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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reference range (0 min = 309 nmol/L, 30 min = 323 nmol/L, 60 min = 344 nmol/L, on a progesterone only contraceptive pill), and hydrocortisone 15 mg daily in a split dose was started ( Table 1 ). However, she quickly developed ankle swelling which resolved
Dorte Glintborg
Dorte Glintborg
Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Katrine Hass Rubin
Katrine Hass Rubin
OPEN – Odense Patient data Explorative Network, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Mads Nybo
Mads Nybo
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Bo Abrahamsen
Bo Abrahamsen
OPEN – Odense Patient data Explorative Network, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
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Department of Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
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Marianne Andersen
Marianne Andersen
Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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-grade inflammation and unbalanced estrogen/progesterone secretion in PCOS could have adverse effects on autoimmune function ( 7 , 8 ). In accordance, women with PCOS had higher secretion of anti-thyroid, anti-nuclear (ANA), anti-ovarian, and anti-islet cell
Robert I Menzies
Robert I Menzies
The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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Xin Zhao
Xin Zhao
The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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Linda J Mullins
Linda J Mullins
The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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John J Mullins
John J Mullins
The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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Carolynn Cairns
Carolynn Cairns
The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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Nicola Wrobel
Nicola Wrobel
The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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Donald R Dunbar
Donald R Dunbar
The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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Matthew A Bailey
Matthew A Bailey
The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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Christopher J Kenyon
Christopher J Kenyon
The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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cholesterol disposal and lipid biosynthesis form a separate larger cluster. It is notable that genes encoding enzymes that metabolise steroids were also affected. Akr1c18 , which encodes a progesterone 20α hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme was switched on
