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Shilpa Lingaiah Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

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Laure Morin-Papunen Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

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Terhi Piltonen Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

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Inger Sundström-Poromaa Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Elisabet Stener-Victorin Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

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Juha S Tapanainen Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; RBP4, retinol-binding protein 4; SHBG, sex

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Milica Popovic Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Fahim Ebrahimi Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Sandrine Andrea Urwyler Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Marc Yves Donath Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Mirjam Christ-Crain Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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triglycerides >1.7 mmol/L or low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) >3.4 mmol/L or lipid lowering treatment). Main exclusion criteria were concurrent medication with glucocorticoids, known Cushing’s syndrome, an underlying chronic inflammatory disease

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Valentina Guarnotta Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Silvia Lucchese Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Mariagrazia Irene Mineo Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Donatella Mangione Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Renato Venezia Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Piero Luigi Almasio Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Carla Giordano Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza ‘G. D’Alessandro’ (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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-Pg, basal prolactin, total and free testosterone, DHEA-S and ∆4androstenedione, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic

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V G Pluimakers Princess Máxima Centre for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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M van Waas Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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C W N Looman Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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M P de Maat Department of Haematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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R de Jonge Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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P Delhanty Section Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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M Huisman Section Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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F U S Mattace-Raso Section Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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M M van den Heuvel-Eibrink Princess Máxima Centre for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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S J C M M Neggers Princess Máxima Centre for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Section Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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biomarkers include low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, adiponectin, uric acid, C-reactive protein and cystatin C ( 15 , 16 , 17 ). Also, it has been proposed that metabolic biomarkers are more clinically useful for risk prediction of diabetes and

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Marenao Tanaka Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
Tanaka Medical Clinic, Yoichi, Japan

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Tomohito Gohda Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

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Nozomu Kamei Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
Institute for Clinical Research, NHO Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan

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Maki Murakoshi Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

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Tatsuya Sato Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

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Mitsunobu Kubota Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, NHO Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan

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Michiyoshi Sanuki Institute for Clinical Research, NHO Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan

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Erika Ishiwata Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

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Keisuke Endo Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

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Yusuke Suzuki Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

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Masato Furuhashi Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

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, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FABP4, fatty acid-binding protein 4; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; γGTP, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

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Louise Færch Department of Cardiology, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nephrology and Endocrinology H, Hillerød University Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, DK-3400 Hillerød, Denmark

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Anders Juul Department of Cardiology, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nephrology and Endocrinology H, Hillerød University Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, DK-3400 Hillerød, Denmark
Department of Cardiology, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nephrology and Endocrinology H, Hillerød University Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, DK-3400 Hillerød, Denmark

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Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard Department of Cardiology, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nephrology and Endocrinology H, Hillerød University Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, DK-3400 Hillerød, Denmark

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Birger Thorsteinsson Department of Cardiology, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nephrology and Endocrinology H, Hillerød University Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, DK-3400 Hillerød, Denmark
Department of Cardiology, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nephrology and Endocrinology H, Hillerød University Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, DK-3400 Hillerød, Denmark

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Hribal ML Perticone F Sesti G . Positive association between plasma IGF1 and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in adult nondiabetic subjects . European Journal of Endocrinology 2010 163 75 – 80 . ( doi:10.1530/EJE-10-0113 ).

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Xia Wu Department of Endocrinology, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai (Huashan Hospital Fudan University Jing’an Branch), Shanghai, China

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Zhiling Li Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

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Wenjiang Sun Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China

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Huan Zheng Department of Cardiology, Worldpath Clinic International, Shanghai, China

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: total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 6.22 mmol/L, triglycerides (TG) ≥ 2.26 mmol/L, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) < 1.04 mmol/L, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥ 4.14 mmol/L according to 2007 Chinese Guidelines on Prevention and Treatment

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Chan Yang School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Yadi Zhang School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Juan Li School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Xiaowei Liu School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Jiangwei Qiu School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Jiaxing Zhang School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Xiuying Liu School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Yuhong Zhang School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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Yi Zhao School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

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. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were determined using enzymatic assays (CHOD-PAP, Roche Diagnostics GmbH). The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level was calculated using the

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Haojie Zhang Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yuke Cui Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Ruihua Dong Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Wen Zhang Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Shihan Chen Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Heng Wan Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Chi Chen Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yi Chen Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yuying Wang Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Chunfang Zhu Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Bo Chen Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Ningjian Wang Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yingli Lu Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein; P1NP, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide. Associations among blood lead level, vitamin D, bone turnover markers and metabolic factors As

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Mohamed Asrih Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

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Flore Sinturel Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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Richard Dubos Department and Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland

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Idris Guessous Department and Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland

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Zoltan Pataky Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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Charna Dibner Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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François R Jornayvaz Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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Karim Gariani Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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, blood glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), leukocytes, and lymphocytes. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was also

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