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Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
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Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France
Inserm UMR1185, Le Kremlin Bicetre, Paris, France
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Inserm UMR1185, Le Kremlin Bicetre, Paris, France
Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
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cryptorchidism ( 1 ). It can be isolated or part of a combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) ( 2 ) and is usually in relation to a dysfunction in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion or action. The major clinical consequences of CHH are pubertal
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Introduction Thyroid hormones play important role in the processes of neuronal migration and differentiation, myelination and synaptogenesis and are essential for proper neurodevelopment ( 1 ). Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is generally
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Endokrinologikum Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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Endokrinologikum Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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estrogen replacement therapy to treat ovarian insufficiency and induce puberty. Although human growth hormone therapy (hGHT) has been established in TS patients, its efficacy varies and depends on many factors, including dose, duration, and age at treatment
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Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Introduction Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is diagnosed biochemically when both serum-free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) are within the normal range, whereas the serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is elevated ( 1
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Belgrade, Serbia
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University Children’s Clinic, Belgrade, Serbia
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University Children’s Clinic, Belgrade, Serbia
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Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘Dr Vukan Cupic’, Belgrade, Serbia
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Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘Dr Vukan Cupic’, Belgrade, Serbia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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of isolated GHD or multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD) during childhood. Stimulated peak GH of less than 15 mU/L was considered confirmatory for GHD in both tests ( 9 , 10 , 11 ). Prior to retesting, rhGH therapy was discontinued for at
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Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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hormone therapy; IOS, International Outcome Study; NS, Noonan syndrome. In brief, the ANSWER program® was an observational, multicenter study conducted across 207 USA centers between 2002 and 2016, which monitored the long-term effectiveness and
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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-up included 6085 time-points with a subset of anthropometric, reproductive, hormonal and metabolic parameters. Table 1 Baseline characteristic and longitudinal follow-up to 7th year of therapy with metformin of clinical parameters in women with PCOS
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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
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receptor mutation was discovered 20 years ago, but its long-term effects on health and morbidity, and the effect of estrogen hormone therapy (HT) have not been thoroughly investigated. There is evidence that some of the adverse events related to POI may be
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Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg, Germany
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increasing knowledge of the gut–brain axis and the involved peptide hormones, the development of polyagonists therapies is only at its beginning and a co-administration of PYY3-36 and leptin ( 55 ) or PYY3-36 and amylin ( 56 ) may be further promising
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, and outcomes were analysed. GD is defined as (i) elevated free thyroxine (fT4) (normal range (NR): 10–25 pmol/L), (ii) completely suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (NR: 0.5–4.5 mU/L), and (iii) elevated thyrotrophin receptor antibodies