Search for other papers by Karim Gariani in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Pedro Marques-Vidal in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Gérard Waeber in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Peter Vollenweider in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by François R Jornayvaz in
Google Scholar
PubMed
hypertension, might be linked with an excess of glucocorticoid secretion ( 2 , 3 , 4 ). Patients with metabolic syndrome and concomitantly higher fasting cortisol have been related with more prevalent central obesity and hypertension, a higher triglycerides
Search for other papers by Ida Staby in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jesper Krogh in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Marianne Klose in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jonas Baekdal in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Clinical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Lars Poulsgaard in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jacob Bertram Springborg in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Clinical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other papers by Mikkel Andreassen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
) and it is not without risk to perform ITT in the perioperative phase. Thus, several approaches have been suggested, ranging from routine use of prophylactic glucocorticoid treatment to glucocorticoid sparing regimens with close observation and only
Search for other papers by A Daniel Bird in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Spencer Greatorex in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by David Reser in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Search for other papers by Gareth G Lavery in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Timothy J Cole in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Introduction The short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase enzymes 11βHSD1 and 11βHSD2 play important intracellular roles in mammals, regulating tissue availability of physiologically relevant glucocorticoid ( 1 , 2 ). They are members of
Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Search for other papers by Timothy J Morris in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Andrew Whatmore in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Laura Hamilton in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Beverly Hird in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Eric S Kilpatrick in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Lesley Tetlow in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Peter Clayton in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Introduction Patients with adrenal insufficiency are treated with glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement ( 1 , 2 ). Plasma renin measured as either plasma renin activity (PRA) or plasma renin concentration (PRC) is used to evaluate
Search for other papers by Lisette van Alewijk in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Kirsten Davidse in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Karlijn Pellikaan in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Judith van Eck in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Academic Centre for Growth, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Dutch Growth Research Foundation, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Search for other papers by Anita C S Hokken-Koelega in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Diabeter, National Diabetes Care and Research Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Search for other papers by Theo C J Sas in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
Search for other papers by Sabine Hannema in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Aart J van der Lely in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Academic Centre for Growth, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Search for other papers by Laura C G de Graaff in
Google Scholar
PubMed
, (2) medication (other than glucocorticoids), (3) use of glucocorticoids (if applicable), (4) communication with the hospital, (5) practical issues and logistics, (6) health and lifestyle and (7) self-advocacy. The questions were answered on a 3-point
Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Search for other papers by Claire L Wood in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Kieren G Hollingsworth in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Edrina Bokaie in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Eric Hughes in
Google Scholar
PubMed
John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Search for other papers by Robert Muni-Lofra in
Google Scholar
PubMed
John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Search for other papers by Anna Mayhew in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Rod T Mitchell in
Google Scholar
PubMed
John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Search for other papers by Michela Guglieri in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Joseph McElvaney in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Search for other papers by Timothy D Cheetham in
Google Scholar
PubMed
John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Search for other papers by Volker Straub in
Google Scholar
PubMed
intensive research there is no cure for DMD and long-term high dose glucocorticoids (GCs) form the mainstay of treatment. GCs stabilise muscle strength for a period of time and have beneficial effects on the heart, lungs and spine ( 2 ). Chronic GC use
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
Search for other papers by Wiebke Arlt in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by the Society for Endocrinology Clinical Committee in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Introduction Acute adrenal insufficiency , also termed adrenal crisis , is a life-threatening endocrine emergency brought about by a lack of production of the adrenal hormone cortisol, the major glucocorticoid. Identifying patients at risk
Search for other papers by Dafydd Aled Rees in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Deborah P Merke in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Wiebke Arlt in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Aude Brac De La Perriere in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Angelica Linden Hirschberg in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Anders Juul in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by John Newell-Price in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Alessandro Prete in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Nicole Reisch in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Nike M Stikkelbroeck in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Philippe A Touraine in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Alex Lewis in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by John Porter in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Helen Coope in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Richard J Ross in
Google Scholar
PubMed
adrenal androgens ( 1 ). To address this, clinicians have used a variety of treatment regimens, including the use of a higher dose of glucocorticoid at night in a reverse circadian treatment pattern. A recent comparison, using a higher dose of
Search for other papers by Eva Novoa in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Marcel Gärtner in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Christoph Henzen in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Introduction Intratympanic glucocorticoids are effective in the treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) (1, 2, 3) , in the stabilization of Ménière's disease (MD) (4) , and in autoimmune ear disorders (5) . By the intratympanic
Search for other papers by Lia Ferreira in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by João Silva in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Susana Garrido in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Carlos Bello in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Diana Oliveira in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Hélder Simões in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Isabel Paiva in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Joana Guimarães in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Marta Ferreira in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Teresa Pereira in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Rita Bettencourt-Silva in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ana Filipa Martins in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Tiago Silva in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Vera Fernandes in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Maria Lopes Pereira in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Adrenal Tumors Study Group of the Portuguese Society of Endocrinology in
Google Scholar
PubMed
abnormal standard dose ACTH stimulation test (peak plasma cortisol <18 µg/dL); (3) characteristic clinical signs and symptoms such as hyperpigmentation, salt craving, typical electrolyte disturbances and chronic treatment with glucocorticoids and