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and associated metabolic conditions, such as insulin resistance ( 5 ), diabetes ( 6 ), hypercholesterolaemia ( 7 ), statins ( 8 ), abdominal fat ( 9 ), the sympathetic nervous system ( 10 , 11 ), and corticosteroid use ( 12 ). Glucocorticoids are a
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fibrinogen, together with lower HDL-C levels ( 9 ). Insulin resistance and central adiposity are of crucial importance in the development of MetS, and they appear to correlate with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, including hypertension, atherogenic
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exerted by obesity on cognitive dysfunction and vice versa. Both have been associated with morphological reductions in brain volume, relating to systemic dysmetabolism and insulin resistance and/or to the degree of cognitive impairment ( 21 , 22 , 23
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Introduction The exact mechanisms underlying the development of peripheral insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), are complex and not yet fully understood. Many metabolic and endocrine factors are involved in the
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hyperinsulinaemia are often said to have ‘insulin resistance’ ( 4 , 5 ). Here we discuss the direct and indirect effects of insulin on intrahepatic processes (e.g. fatty acid synthesis) and systemic processes (e.g. the regulation of fatty acid flux from adipose
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Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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against fatty liver and may improve pathway-selective insulin resistance . Diabetes 2013 424 – 434 . ( https://doi.org/10.2337/db11-1718 ) 14 Park SB Lee YJ Chung CK . Bone mineral density changes after ovariectomy in rats as an osteopenic
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Department of Internal Medicine, VUMC Free University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Horaizon BV, Delft, the Netherlands
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/L) 1.45 0.65 1.25 0.69 HOMA-IR 4.53 1.95 4.36 2.18 BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance; LDL, low
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5.5% for men ( 2 ). Obesity is an independent risk factor for insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (T2D). For morbidly obese patients, lifestyle interventions and medication fail to reduce body weight durably, however
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Introduction Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are challenged with a metabolic aspect of the syndrome as they have increased prevalence of overweight with central obesity and insulin resistance. They present with an accumulation of
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, insulin resistance, ovulatory dysfunction and polycystic ovaries. The prevalence of PCOS may be as high as 15–20% of women of reproductive age ( 3 ). Although it was first reported in 1935 by Stein et al ., its etiology is still unclear. PCOS has a