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infiltration and cytokines that induce angiogenesis. Moreover, lymphocytes control the host’s immune function, and lymphocyte depletion impairs the host’s antitumor immunity, leading to worsened prognosis ( 28 , 29 ). Hence, NLR is regarded to reflect the
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, environmental factors, and immune system dysfunction are all implicated in GD pathogenesis, among which immune system dysfunction plays the most important role ( 2 ). As an autoimmune disease, relapsing cases of GD are common, and remission time is uncertain
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studies describing similar prevalence of antiovarian autoantibodies in women with PCOS and controls ( 19 ), leading to the proposal of systemic immune activation by nonorgan-specific autoantibodies in PCOS ( 20 ). This could explain the recurrent
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) . Interestingly, BD also displays some features distinctive of autoimmune processes. First, cellular immunity is disturbed in BD as exemplified by autoreactive T cells-targeting heat shock protein 60 (8) . For many autoimmune disorders, autoreactive T cells are a
Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Introduction Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is a very common organ-specific autoimmune disease in which the Th1-mediated immune response contributes to the destruction of thyroid follicular cells (TFCs) ( 1 ). In recent years, many studies have
Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
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Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
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Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
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Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
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Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
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Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
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Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
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Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Xiamen Diabetes Prevention and Treatment Center, Xiamen, China
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assembly, and extracellular structural organization ( Fig. 8D ). Functional annotation analysis of MEgreenyellow and MEturquoise co-expression modules showed that their functions were both characterized by immune response-related pathways (Supplementary Fig
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Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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environmental triggers in a number of autoimmune diseases, including GD ( 11 , 12 ). Infections have been suggested to induce thyroid immunity by various mechanisms such as mimicking self-antigens, superantigen T-cell activation and inducing expression of human
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Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB), Cologne, Germany
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epithelium of the amnion displayed immunoreactivity ( Fig. 4B Amnion; black arrow). Additionally, immune cells all over the placenta displayed marked asprosin immunoreactivity ( Fig. 4B Chorion, Amnion, Decidua; white arrows). In the maternal part of the
Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
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Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
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Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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chemoattractant activity on various immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells with key roles in both innate and adaptive immunity ( 2 ). It was further rediscovered as an adipokine that is expressed in the adipocytes and was
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
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School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
South West Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Saint Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
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School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
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the capabilities of standard clinicopathological staging, influence treatment direction and optimise patient benefit from novel anti-tumour agents is vital. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint receptor inducibly expressed on