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for bone loss and fractures and therapeutic implications . Endocrine Reviews 2001 22 477 – 501 . ( https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv.22.4.0437 ) 17 Kuchuk NO Pluijm SM van Schoor NM Looman CW Smit JH Lips P Relationships of serum 25
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who received a yearly vitamin D supplement of 500 000 IU or placebo. In that study, an increase in falls and fractures was observed in the vitamin D group, mainly during the first 3 months after the high vitamin D dose was given (40) . Regarding
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Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Warwick Medical School, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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effects of treatment with vitamin D in patients with pHPT are sparse. However, in the general population, beneficial effects of vitamin D replacement on bone mass and risk of fractures have been reported (6) , as well as various additional factors that
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German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg–Kiel–Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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awareness by physicians tends to be low ( 5 ) although hyponatremia is associated with increased mortality and morbidity ( 6 ) such as gait instability ( 7 , 8 ), falls ( 7 ), osteoporosis ( 9 , 10 ), fractures ( 9 , 10 ), and attention deficit ( 7 , 8
IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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, orthopaedic surgeons and psychiatrists identifying CS represent an educational opportunity to improve early diagnosis. It is for instance not widely known that venous thromboembolic events or fragility fractures can be a presenting symptom of CS ( 20 , 21
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National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
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gain is one of the hallmarks of pediatric Cushing’s syndrome, while decreased bone mineral density, osteoporosis, and fractures are present in 50–80% of patients ( 37 ). Bone loss can be more severe in primary adrenal disease compared to that due to an
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most recent study, abdominal obesity measured by increased waist-hip ratio and not metabolic syndrome was associated with increased respiratory deterioration in COVID-19 ( 28 , 29 ). WC and abdominal obesity are also associated with vertebral fracture
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have been reported to correlate with increased risk of a first adverse cardiovascular event ( 60 ), and with menopausal symptoms ( 61 ) or decreased bone mineral density/increased fracture risk ( 62 ) in perimenopausal or menopausal women. An increased
Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies, Technical University, Dresden, Germany
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Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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bone mass and strength, resulting in increased osteoporotic fracture probability ( 1 ). Chronic GC therapy leads to decreased bone mineral density, and up to 50% of treated patients experience vertebral fractures ( 2 ). The complex pathogenesis of
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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-related (spine, hip, and forearm) fractures ( 28 , 29 ) has been reported, and in a recent study on 87 adults with KS by Vena et al., a high prevalence of symptomatic vertebral fractures independent of BMD was found ( 40 ). Thus, an impaired BMC poses a