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Mikkel Andreassen Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Anders Juul Department of Growth and Reproduction, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Niels Jørgensen Department of Growth and Reproduction, Faculty of Health Science, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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with pituitary diseases were offered cryopreservation of semen for future fertility treatment before testosterone therapy was initiated, or in selected younger cases before pituitary surgery or radiation therapy. All patients who started testosterone

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Mirjana Kocova Department of Endocrinology and Genetics, Medical Faculty, University Pediatric Clinic, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia

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Vesna Janevska Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia

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Violeta Anastasovska Genetic Laboratory, Medical Faculty, University Pediatric Clinic, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia

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expected stature, obesity, metabolic syndrome and infertility ( 1 , 2 , 4 ). Fertility problems in adult male patients with CAH have been attributed to the development of testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) ( 3 , 4 , 5 ). The migration of adrenal

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Josef Köhrle Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany

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Martina Rauner Department of Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Center for Healthy Aging, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

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Susan A Lanham-New Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

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of UK Biobank cohort cases and controls is expected to shed some light on these complex interrelations. Several original research papers may complement this special series and deal with vitamin D deficiency in relation to male and female fertility

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Pravik Solanki Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Beng Eu Prahran Market Clinic, Victoria, Australia
Department of General Practice, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Jeremy Smith Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

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Carolyn Allan Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Kevin Lee Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia

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potentially anabolic–androgenic steroids also regulate this system to govern fertility. The suppression of gonadotropins is dose dependent and is also dependent on the type of androgen used. In other words, the feedback inhibition of androgens is not

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Xiying Zeng The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China

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Yinxiang Huang Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Mulin Zhang Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Yun Chen The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China

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Jiawen Ye The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China

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Yan Han School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Danyan Ma School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Xin Zheng Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Xiaohong Yan Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

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Changqin Liu The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen, China

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ethnic groups ( 2 ). Obesity can reduce the quality of life of PCOS patients by contributing to irregular menstruation, oligo/anovulation, negative effects on self-esteem and self-image ( 3 , 4 ), and delayed fertility and infertility ( 5 ). Therefore

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Anna-Pauliina Iivonen Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, Biomedicum Helsinki and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

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Johanna Känsäkoski Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, Biomedicum Helsinki and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

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Kirsi Vaaralahti Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, Biomedicum Helsinki and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

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Taneli Raivio Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, Biomedicum Helsinki and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
New Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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). Moreover, miR-200 miRNAs are expressed in the GnRH neurons and pituitary, and they play a role in reproduction and fertility in mice ( 21 , 22 ). Lack of miR-200 members recapitulated KS phenotypes in zebrafish ( 6 ). As previous studies strongly indicate

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Lina S Silva-Bermudez School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

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Freddy J K Toloza School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

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Maria C Perez-Matos School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

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Russell J de Souza Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada

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Laura Banfield Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada

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Andrea Vargas-Villanueva School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia

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Carlos O Mendivil School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, and Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Section of Endocrinology, Bogotá, Colombia

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.1210/jcem.84.4.5591 ) 12 Teede HJ Meyer C Hutchison SK Zoungas S McGrath BP Moran LJ Endothelial function and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: the effects of medical therapy . Fertility and Sterility 2010 93 184 – 191

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Thozhukat Sathyapalan Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK

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Anne-Marie Coady Department of Obstetric Ultrasound, Hull and East Yorkshire Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Hull, UK

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Eric S Kilpatrick Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar

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Stephen L Atkin Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar

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Janssen OE Legro RS Norman RJ Taylor AE . The androgen excess and PCOS society criteria for the polycystic ovary syndrome: the complete task force report. Fertility and Sterility 2009 91 456 – 488 . ( doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008

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Dorte Glintborg Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Katrine Hass Rubin OPEN – Odense Patient data Explorative Network, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Mads Nybo Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Bo Abrahamsen OPEN – Odense Patient data Explorative Network, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark

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Marianne Andersen Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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medicine prescriptions (antidiabetics, oral contraceptives (OCP) and fertility treatment) were extracted from the National Prescription Registry. The women should have at least two or more dispenses of the medicine before index date. Diagnoses of obesity

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Paraskevi Kazakou Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Stavroula A Paschou Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Theodora Psaltopoulou Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Maria Gavriatopoulou Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Eleni Korompoki Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Katerina Stefanaki Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Fotini Kanouta Department of Endocrinology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Georgia N Kassi Department of Endocrinology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Asimina Mitrakou Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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female fertility still remains unknown. Positive vaginal fluid after infection has been reported in few cases only ( 118 ), while other ones failed to detect the virus in the vaginal fluid ( 119 , 120 ). Larger studies indicate that intrapartum vaginal

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