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Angelica Lindén Hirschberg Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

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athletes than in the general population ( 15 ). Low energy availability, amenorrhea and estrogen deficiency are associated with rapid loss of bone mass and an elevated risk for musculoskeletal injuries ( Fig. 1 ). Since physical activity usually promotes

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-19-0537
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 4
Open access
Jülide Durmuşoğlu Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

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Henri J L M Timmers Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

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Pepijn van Houten Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

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Johan F Langenhuijsen Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

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Ad R M M Hermus Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

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Annenienke C van de Ven Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

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rates of ACC after resection are high ( 6 , 8 ). ACC may be classified as functional (hormone-secreting) or nonfunctional. Functional adrenal tumors of the cortex can produce cortisol, androgens, estrogens and aldosterone. A functional ACC can cause

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0299
Volume/Issue:
Volume 9: Issue 9
Open access
Michael Ulm University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
West Cancer Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA

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Arvind V Ramesh White Station High School, Memphis, Tennessee, USA

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Keely M McNamara Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan

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Suriyan Ponnusamy University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA

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Hironobu Sasano Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan

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Ramesh Narayanan University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
West Cancer Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA

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review. Prostate and hormone receptor-positive breast cancers share the common feature of their dependence on the respective male and female hormones for their continued growth. Both estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) are promoters of

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0425
Volume/Issue:
Volume 8: Issue 2
Open access
W N H Koek Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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N Campos-Obando Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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B C J van der Eerden Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Y B de Rijke Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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M A Ikram Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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A G Uitterlinden Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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J P T M van Leeuwen Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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M C Zillikens Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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menopause, for serum phosphate and a decade later for serum calcium. Previously, it has been hypothesized that a fall in estrogens around menopause causes the appearance of sex differences in serum calcium and phosphate levels ( 23 , 24 ). When a fall in

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0509
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 3
Open access
Göran Oleröd Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Lillemor Mattsson Hultén Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Ola Hammarsten Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Eva Klingberg Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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supplements 50 (9.3) 27 (12.6) 23 (7.1) Subjects taking estrogens (contraceptives or HRT) 24 (11.2) Total serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L) 62.8 ± 26.3 65.6 ± 25.3 61.0 ± 26.8 Recommended level >50 nmol/L Directly measured

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-16-0078
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 2
Open access
Ahmet Uçar
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Nurçin Saka
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Firdevs Baş
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Nihal Hatipoğlu Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey

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Rüveyde Bundak
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Feyza Darendeliler
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DHEA and DHEAS serve as sex hormone precursors that are converted to more potent androgens and/or estrogens in peripheral tissues. Estrogens inhibit monocyte endothelial adhesion and inhibit endothelial cell expression of several adhesion molecules (12

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-12-0059
Volume/Issue:
Volume 2: Issue 1
Open access
Wolfgang Koechling Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Daniel Plaksin Bio-Technology General Israel Ltd, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Kiryat Malachi, Israel

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Glenn E Croston Croston Consulting, San Diego, California, USA

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Janni V Jeppesen The Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Department of Fertility at The Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital and The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Kirsten T Macklon The Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Department of Fertility at The Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital and The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Claus Yding Andersen The Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Department of Fertility at The Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital and The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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approximately 35–40% over basal ( Fig. 3B ), while estrogen and inhibin B were not significantly increased by either rFSH protein (data not shown). The expression of FSH regulated genes was studied in the same human granulosa cell studies, preparing RNA at the

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-17-0067
Volume/Issue:
Volume 6: Issue 5
Open access
Johanna Christina Penell Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Mark M Kushnir Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA

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Lars Lind Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Jonatan Bergquist Department of Chemistry – BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Jonas Bergquist Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
Department of Chemistry – BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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P Monica Lind Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Tord Naessen Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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testosterone concentrations in older men have been associated with reduced all-cause mortality and higher dihydrotestosterone (DHT) with reduced ischemic heart disease mortality ( 11 ). Estrone is the most prevalent estrogen in menopause and has less intra- and

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-21-0045
Volume/Issue:
Volume 10: Issue 5
Open access
Alessandro Ciresi Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Stefano Radellini Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Valentina Guarnotta Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Maria Grazia Mineo Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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Carla Giordano Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

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one of the most influential regulators of growth hormone (GH) secretion and action, with different mechanisms ( 2 ). Androgens and estrogens exert opposite endocrine-mediated effects on insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I production and metabolic

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0135
Volume/Issue:
Volume 7: Issue 7
Open access
Chenyu Jiang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Mi Zhou Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Huai Bai Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Meng Chen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Chunyi Yang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Kaifeng Hu Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Yujie Wu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Qingqing Liu Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Yangyu Zhao Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China

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Xinghui Liu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Ping Fan Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ/α, estrogen receptor α (ER-α), activator protein-2α (AP-2α), and SP1 ( 9 , 12 , 32 , 33 ). The regulation of MPO expression and serum MPO levels is a complicated network that includes age, gender, and

Article Type:
Research Article
Collections:
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0369
Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 3
Open access