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Xiaolei Hu Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Fengling Chen Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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summarizes the characterization of IAs, the factors affecting IA development, the clinical significance of IAs and the treatments for EIAS. Characterization of IAs IAs’ representatives are found in all of the Ig classes. Among them, IgG is predominant

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Qian Yang Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Wencai Ke Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Fanfan Pan Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Xinmei Huang Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Jun Liu Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Bingbing Zha Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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small number of participants (only 29 of GD individuals had neutropenia) and may not have carried sufficient statistical power to determine potential risk factors for the development of neutropenia. In our study, 1000 patients diagnosed with GD were

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Emmanuelle Motte UFR des Sciences de la Santé, Simone Veil, Université Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes for Children, Bicêtre Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France

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Anya Rothenbuhler Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes for Children, Bicêtre Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
APHP, Plateforme d’Expertise Maladies Rares Paris Sud, Bicêtre Paris Sud Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France

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Stephan Gaillard Department of Neurosurgery, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France

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Najiba Lahlou APHP, Department of Hormonal Biology, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France

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Cécile Teinturier Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes for Children, Bicêtre Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
APHP, Plateforme d’Expertise Maladies Rares Paris Sud, Bicêtre Paris Sud Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France

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Régis Coutant Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France

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Agnès Linglart Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes for Children, Bicêtre Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
APHP, Plateforme d’Expertise Maladies Rares Paris Sud, Bicêtre Paris Sud Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France

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). The resulting hypercortisolism causes considerable morbidity in childhood and adolescence, predominantly affecting growth and pubertal development ( 1 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ). The diagnosis is often delayed by at least 2 years after the first

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Yu Ah Hong Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Kyung-Do Han Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Jae-Seung Yun Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Eun Sil Sil Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Seung-Hyun Ko Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Sungjin Chung Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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-risk patients with type 2 DM who would benefit from intensive treatment and follow-up is very important to prevent or delay the development of ESRD. Advanced age, duration of diabetes, poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, ethnicity, and

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Supitcha Patjamontri Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Alexander Spiers MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
NIHR Health Protection Research Unit on Chemical Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Rachel B Smith MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
NIHR Health Protection Research Unit on Chemical Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, UK
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Mohn Centre for Children’s Health and Wellbeing, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Chen Shen MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
NIHR Health Protection Research Unit on Chemical Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Jo Adaway Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Brian G Keevil Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Mireille B Toledano MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
NIHR Health Protection Research Unit on Chemical Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, UK
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Mohn Centre for Children’s Health and Wellbeing, Imperial College London, London, UK

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S Faisal Ahmed Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK

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explore their relationship to pubertal development, with secondary objectives of investigating the effect of sample collection time and the stability of the long-term storage of the samples for measuring the sex steroids in saliva. Methods Study

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Jan-Bernd Stukenborg NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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Kirsi Jahnukainen NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Division of Haematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Marsida Hutka MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Rod T Mitchell MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Edinburgh Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK

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treatment on the testis or in supporting the restoration of fertility following treatment is poorly understood ( 5 ). In this review, we will describe the development and function of the key somatic cell populations in the testis and how they may be

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Renea A Taylor Department of Physiology, Cancer Program and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Victoria 3800, Australia

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Jennifer Lo Department of Physiology, Cancer Program and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Victoria 3800, Australia

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Natasha Ascui Department of Physiology, Cancer Program and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Victoria 3800, Australia

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Matthew J Watt Department of Physiology, Cancer Program and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Victoria 3800, Australia

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weeks No effects on tumour development, tumour differentiation, tumour grade, age of tumour palpation and age of death assessed after 36–40 weeks. Note, no difference in body mass. 24  TRAMP mice LFD (16% fat) vs HFD (40% fat) starting at 3 weeks

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Wenrui Wang Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China

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Chuan Zhang Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China

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populations, and high conversion efficiency. The development of bionic technology offers an expanding range of options for β-cell regeneration. Benefiting from excellent reviews of this field, we focus on the state of knowledge of β-cell dedifferentiation

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Lian Hollander-Cohen Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

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Benjamin Böhm Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

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Krist Hausken Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

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Berta Levavi-Sivan Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

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hormone synthesis, and ovulation throughout the time-sensitive process of gonad maturation. Generally speaking, circulating FSH levels are higher during gonad development and maturation, and circulating LH levels rise during the final stages of maturation

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Caroline Serrano-Nascimento Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Rafael Barrera Salgueiro Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Kaio Fernando Vitzel Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Thiago Pantaleão Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Vânia Maria Corrêa da Costa Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Maria Tereza Nunes Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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Introduction Iodine is essential for thyroxine (T 4 ) and triiodothyronine (T 3 ) synthesis, which are the only iodine-containing hormones in vertebrates and exert crucial effects on the regulation of development, metabolism and growth ( 1

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