Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Introduction Sex steroids are important regulators of pubertal development and their biological action is governed by sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) ( 1 ). Serum SHBG levels rise from birth to early childhood, then decline in early
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mechanism is T3 binding to TR: T3 is considered the predominant active form of TH because of its higher affinity for TR (ten-fold higher than T4) ( 34 , 35 , 36 ). There are two known TR isoforms (TR-α and TR-β), which usually dimerize with steroid hormone
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-up, as demonstrated by both clinical and hormonal parameters, previous studies demonstrated that sex steroid levels in children, although much lower, may display sexual dimorphism. Indeed, prepubertal girls show higher estrogen levels than prepubertal
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, 7 ). Like GH, serum IGF1 levels rise during puberty and decline with aging ( 23 ) and tend to be low early in life and in patients with obesity ( 24 ) that may overlap with GH-deficient patients. Thyroid hormone and sex steroids also may exert
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Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-infantili, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-infantili, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-infantili, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Journal of Clinical Practice: Supplement 1996 85 1 – 4 . 42 Mauras N Rogol AD Haymond MW Veldhuis JD Sex steroids, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1: neuroendocrine and metabolic regulation in puberty . Hormone Research 1996
Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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their contributions to the evolutionarily divergent potentials of CM proliferation and heart regeneration, including thyroid hormone, vitamin D, and glucocorticoids. A recent phylogenetic analysis of CM ploidy, a proxy of cardiac regenerative potential
The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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The International Research Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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reliable compared to methods based on liquid or gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, which today are recommended for analyses of small molecules like steroid hormones ( 1 , 33 ). The main problem of immunoassays relates to their tendency of
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Social Medicine and Global Health, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 454, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Social Medicine and Global Health, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 454, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Danzo BJ . Interaction of sex hormone-binding globulin with plasma membranes from the rat epididymis and other tissues . Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 1994 51 115 – 124 . ( doi:10.1016/0960-0760(94)90122-8 ). 6
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Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology 2009 31 843 – 852 . 10 Quissell DO . Steroid hormone analysis in human saliva . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1993 694 143 – 145 . ( doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18348
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Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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regarding hormone replacement therapy. Whilst hormonal deficiencies require physiological replacement, rare cases of hypophysitis accompanied by severe oedema and pressure on the optic chiasm require treatment with high-dose steroids. A recent study