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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
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levels of FSH and low estradiol and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels. The etiology of POI is heterogeneous with a significant genetic contribution ( 2 ). Ten to fifteen percent of POI patients have an affected first-degree relative ( 3 ). Autosomal
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reported change of testosterone levels ( 6 , 25 , 26 ) or estradiol levels ( 25 , 27 , 28 ) , which is why this subgroup analysis was abandoned. Mixed treatment modalities were added as exclusion criteria to the original protocol. In the data analysis
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, also known as G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), used to be considered an orphan receptor. Later, two groups independently proved that GPER binds to and is activated by estradiol, and in response, initiates intracellular signaling cascades ( 10
School of Women’s & Children’s Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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FP1 FP2 LP FP1 FP2 LP All cycles Estradiol – – Inverse** – – – Progesterone – – – – – – Inhibin A – – – – – – Inhibin B – Inverse* Direct** – Inverse* Direct
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, UK). The serum levels of albumin, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), calcium, phosphate, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), sexual hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), estradiol and testosterone were analyzed with standard laboratory
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gene was carried out according to the Comparative CT Method for relative quantification of gene expression ( 23 ). Concentrations of estradiol and progesterone were measured using commercially available ELISA kits (NovaTec Immundiagnostica, Germany). A
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data were obtained from our databases: family history of diabetes, age of menarche, weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), and Ferriman–Gallwey (FG) score. At the time of diagnosis of PP, girls were tested for FSH, LH, 17b-estradiol (E2), 17OH
International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Estradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Finally, T concentration depends on the clearance rate, determined by, conversion of T to its metabolites, conjugation capacity, as well as urinary excretion. The ability of excreting T and other steroids in the
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). In healthy subjects, GH and IGF-I levels decline significantly with age in both sexes, while men show lower baseline and mean GH levels than women mainly due to the action of estradiol on the neuroendocrine regulation of pulsatile GH release ( 10
International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Fertility, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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percentage and gynoid fat percentage. Hormone analyses Serum concentrations of total testosterone, total estradiol (total E2), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), FSH, LH, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and inhibin B were measured. All analyses were