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conditions such as brain tumors, trauma, infection or irradiation, and congenital forms of CPHD with a presumed genetic background ( 1 ). Pathogenic variants in more than 70 genes expressed during the prenatal development of the head, hypothalamus, and
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sensitivity ( 8 ). Estrogens binding to estrogen receptors (ERA or ERB) activate estrogen-responsive genes and stimulate ER-positive cell lines. Although single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ERB gene (rs1271572, rs4986938 and rs928554) have been
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Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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, 31 ). Activating mutations of the RAS gene are detected in 30–67% of NIFTP cases; the most common mutation affects NRAS , followed by HRAS and KRAS genes ( 4 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 33 ). Other less common genetic alterations found in
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studies have provided more information on the causes of CH ( 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 ). To date, more than 20 disease-causing genes have been reported to be linked with the pathogenesis of CH ( 1 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ). TD is defined as abnormal thyroid gland
Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pediatric Department, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pediatric Department, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pediatric Department, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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. Mutational analyses Sequencing of the whole coding region of the TRPM6 gene was performed at the Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics, Centre for Nephrology and Metabolic Disorders (Weisswasse, Germany), by Dr.med. Mato Nagel. Family members were screened
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), Cell Death–Inducing DFFA (DNA Fragmentation Factor-α)-Like Effector A (CIDEA) and caveolin 1 (CAV1) inhibit lipolysis through stabilization of lipid droplet and protection against TG hydrolysis, whereas G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) inhibits ATGL activity
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Guangdong Geriatric Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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, CA, USA). The quantification of the expression of a given gene, expressed as the relative mRNA level compared with that of the control, was calculated with the 2 −ΔΔCt comparative method after normalization to the housekeeping gene Actin. Primer
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, Prinses Máxima Centrum, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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recently identified MR-selective target genes in the rodent brain ( 18 ). Materials and methods Human brain tissue Frozen and paraffin-embedded hippocampal tissue from an 8-year-old brain tumor patient was obtained from the biobank of the
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present, a possible relationship between serum CgA (sCgA), the cellular expression of the Ki-67 protein, and the IGF-related genes has not been studied in GEP NETs. Deregulation of the IGF system, a complex network involved in cell growth and metabolic
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in patients in the 20–40 years age group. We have previously found that polymorphisms in some genes such as CTLA4 and PTPN22 ( 12 , 13 ) were associated with GD. Interleukin (IL)-27 (IL27) has an important role in shaping Th cell responses and is