Ali Abbara
Ali Abbara
Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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Sophie Clarke
Sophie Clarke
Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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Pei Chia Eng
Pei Chia Eng
Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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James Milburn
James Milburn
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Devavrata Joshi
Devavrata Joshi
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Alexander N Comninos
Alexander N Comninos
Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Rozana Ramli
Rozana Ramli
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Amrish Mehta
Amrish Mehta
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Brynmor Jones
Brynmor Jones
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Florian Wernig
Florian Wernig
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Ramesh Nair
Ramesh Nair
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Nigel Mendoza
Nigel Mendoza
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Amir H Sam
Amir H Sam
Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Emma Hatfield
Emma Hatfield
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Karim Meeran
Karim Meeran
Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Waljit S Dhillo
Waljit S Dhillo
Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Niamh M Martin
Niamh M Martin
Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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predisposing factors can be identified in 10–40% of cases ( 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ). These include hypertension, surgical procedures, head trauma, hypothalamic/pituitary stimulation tests, anticoagulation use and radiotherapy. Pituitary
Adrian F Daly
Adrian F Daly
Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Liège, Liège Université, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
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Liliya Rostomyan
Liliya Rostomyan
Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Liège, Liège Université, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
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Daniela Betea
Daniela Betea
Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Liège, Liège Université, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
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Jean-François Bonneville
Jean-François Bonneville
Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Liège, Liège Université, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
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Chiara Villa
Chiara Villa
Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Liège, Liège Université, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
Department of Pathological Cytology and Anatomy, Foch Hospital, Paris, France
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Department of Pathological Cytology and Anatomy, Foch Hospital, Paris, France
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Natalia S Pellegata
Natalia S Pellegata
Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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Beatrice Waser
Beatrice Waser
Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Jean-Claude Reubi
Jean-Claude Reubi
Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Catherine Waeber Stephan
Catherine Waeber Stephan
Clinique Générale Ste-Anne, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Emanuel Christ
Emanuel Christ
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Albert Beckers
Albert Beckers
Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Liège, Liège Université, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
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treatment. The patient declined radiotherapy and reoperation and he remained uncontrolled through to 2006; pegvisomant treatment, when it became available, was also declined due to the incomplete control of tumor size on a somatostatin analog. Figure 1
Gudmundur Johannsson
Gudmundur Johannsson
Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Martin Bidlingmaier
Martin Bidlingmaier
Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Beverly M K Biller
Beverly M K Biller
Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Margaret Boguszewski
Margaret Boguszewski
Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
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Felipe F Casanueva
Felipe F Casanueva
Department of Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Philippe Chanson
Philippe Chanson
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Inserm, Paris, France
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Peter E Clayton
Peter E Clayton
Developmental Biology & Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Catherine S Choong
Catherine S Choong
Department of Endocrinology, Princess Margaret Hospital & School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
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David Clemmons
David Clemmons
Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Mehul Dattani
Mehul Dattani
Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Jan Frystyk
Jan Frystyk
Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Ken Ho
Ken Ho
Princess Alexandra Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Andrew R Hoffman
Andrew R Hoffman
Department of Medicine, Stanford University and VA Palo Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Reiko Horikawa
Reiko Horikawa
National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Anders Juul
Anders Juul
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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John J Kopchick
John J Kopchick
Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
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Xiaoping Luo
Xiaoping Luo
Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Sebastian Neggers
Sebastian Neggers
Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Pituitary Centre Rotterdam, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Irene Netchine
Irene Netchine
Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRs 938, Paris, France
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Daniel S Olsson
Daniel S Olsson
Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sally Radovick
Sally Radovick
Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Ron Rosenfeld
Ron Rosenfeld
Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Richard J Ross
Richard J Ross
University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Katharina Schilbach
Katharina Schilbach
Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Paulo Solberg
Paulo Solberg
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Christian Strasburger
Christian Strasburger
Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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Peter Trainer
Peter Trainer
The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Kevin C J Yuen
Kevin C J Yuen
Barrow Pituitary Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Kerstin Wickstrom
Kerstin Wickstrom
Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
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Jens O L Jorgensen
Jens O L Jorgensen
Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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on behalf of the Growth Hormone Research Society
on behalf of the Growth Hormone Research Society
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increased serum IGF-I and GH levels. Therapeutic options include surgery, medical therapy and radiotherapy. There remain a number of clinical controversies, which might be addressed by improved biomarkers. Key clinical endpoints in acromegaly are
Shuang Ye
Shuang Ye
Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Yuanyuan Xu
Yuanyuan Xu
Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Jiehao Li
Jiehao Li
Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Shuhui Zheng
Shuhui Zheng
Research Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Peng Sun
Peng Sun
Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Tinghuai Wang
Tinghuai Wang
Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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test comparing proportions among GPER-low expression group and GPER-high expression group. LNM, lymph node metastasis; RT, radiotherapy. Table 2 Ezrin positivity in TNBC as correlated to clinicopathological factor. All
Sara Storvall
Sara Storvall
Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Helena Leijon
Helena Leijon
Department of Pathology and Huslab, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Eeva Ryhänen
Eeva Ryhänen
Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Johanna Louhimo
Johanna Louhimo
Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Caj Haglund
Caj Haglund
Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Camilla Schalin-Jäntti
Camilla Schalin-Jäntti
Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Johanna Arola
Johanna Arola
Department of Pathology and Huslab, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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neoplasms. They not only suppress hormonal hypersecretion by binding to different SSTs, but also have an antiproliferative effect on tumor cells ( 20 ). The somatostatin analog octreotide as well as peptide receptor-based radiotherapy, both of which
Anne-Sophie C A M Koning
Anne-Sophie C A M Koning
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Philippe C Habets
Philippe C Habets
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Marit Bogaards
Marit Bogaards
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Jan Kroon
Jan Kroon
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Hanneke M van Santen
Hanneke M van Santen
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, Prinses Máxima Centrum, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, Prinses Máxima Centrum, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Judith M de Bont
Judith M de Bont
Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, Prinses Máxima Centrum, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Onno C Meijer
Onno C Meijer
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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radiotherapy twice, and it is important to notice that the hippocampus and hypothalamus were not in the direct radiotherapy field. Only the brainstem was selectively irradiated with high dose. Paraffin-embedded hippocampal tissue from two controls not taking
Susan M Webb
Susan M Webb
IIB-Sant Pau, Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, Unidad 747), ISCIII, Spain
Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, Unidad 747), ISCIII, Spain
Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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Jette Kristensen
Jette Kristensen
ePAG & Chair of Danish Addison Patient Association, Aarhus, Denmark
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Anna Nordenström
Anna Nordenström
Pediatric Endocrinology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Diana Vitali
Diana Vitali
ePAG & Chair SOD ITALIA - Italian Patients Organization for Septo Optic Dysplasia and other Neuroendocrine Conditions, Rome, Italy
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Vincent Amodru
Vincent Amodru
Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics, Institut MarMaRa, Marseille, France
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Lenja Katharina Wiehe
Lenja Katharina Wiehe
EURORDIS - Rare Diseases Europe, Paris, France
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Matt Bolz-Johnson
Matt Bolz-Johnson
EURORDIS - Rare Diseases Europe, Paris, France
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disease, to refer to reference centre Information on radiotherapy, associated to ‘cancer’ and scary Earlier recognition by sleep centres, neurologists, ENT specialists, dentists, gynaecologists, orthopaedic surgeons, jewellers, shoe retailers, etc
Alexander Heinzel
Alexander Heinzel
RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aachen, Germany
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Dirk Müller
Dirk Müller
Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Hanneke M van Santen
Hanneke M van Santen
Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Sarah C Clement
Sarah C Clement
Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Arthur B Schneider
Arthur B Schneider
University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Frederik A Verburg
Frederik A Verburg
Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Würzburg, Germany
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University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Würzburg, Germany
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-term survivors of childhood malignancy have an increased incidence of second primary thyroid cancer after radiotherapy that is curvilinear with dose, such that risk steadily increases up to approximately 20 Gy, above which there is a downturn in the dose
Zheng Chen
Zheng Chen
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Haixia Zeng
Haixia Zeng
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Qiulan Huang
Qiulan Huang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Cuiping Lin
Cuiping Lin
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Xuan Li
Xuan Li
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Shaohua Sun
Shaohua Sun
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Jian-ping Liu
Jian-ping Liu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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chemotherapy or radiotherapy ( 21 ). Ha et al. ( 22 ) studied the association between plasma CLU level and DM in patients with Alzheimer disease; the authors found that individuals with Alzheimer disease and abnormal glucose metabolism (including prediabetes
Amir H Zamanipoor Najafabadi
Amir H Zamanipoor Najafabadi
Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Neurosurgery, University Neurosurgical Centre Holland (UNCH), Leiden University Medical Centre, Haaglanden Medical Centre and Haga Teaching Hospitals, Leiden and The Hague, The Netherlands
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Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Neurosurgery, University Neurosurgical Centre Holland (UNCH), Leiden University Medical Centre, Haaglanden Medical Centre and Haga Teaching Hospitals, Leiden and The Hague, The Netherlands
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Merel van der Meulen
Merel van der Meulen
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Ana Luisa Priego Zurita
Ana Luisa Priego Zurita
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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S Faisal Ahmed
S Faisal Ahmed
Chair of Work Package of E-Health & ICT of Endo-ERN, Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow and Office for Rare Conditions, Royal Hospital for Children & Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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Wouter R van Furth
Wouter R van Furth
Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Evangelia Charmandari
Evangelia Charmandari
Pediatric Chair Main Thematic Group 6 Pituitary of Endo-ERN, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Olaf Hiort
Olaf Hiort
Pediatric Chair and Deputy Coordinator of Endo-ERN, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Alberto M Pereira
Alberto M Pereira
Adult Chair and Coordinator of Endo-ERN, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mehul Dattani
Mehul Dattani
London Centre for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes at Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital and University College London Hospitals, London, UK
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Diana Vitali
Diana Vitali
SOD ITALIA (Italian Organization for Septo Optic Dysplasia and other Neuroendocrine Disorders), European Patient Advocacy Group, Rome, Italy
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Johan P de Graaf
Johan P de Graaf
Dutch Pituitary Foundation, European Patient Advocacy Group, Nijkerk, The Netherlands
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Nienke R Biermasz
Nienke R Biermasz
Adult Chair Main Thematic Group 6 Pituitary of Endo-ERN, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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, while for optimal care, collaboration between centers with different areas of expertise is needed. Both Endo-ERN and non-Endo-ERN centers might focus and be experts on pharmacological therapy, including chemotherapy and targeted therapy and radiotherapy
