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Huguette S Brink Department of Endocrinology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Aart Jan van der Lely Department of Endocrinology, Erasmus University MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Joke van der Linden Department of Endocrinology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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programming’ and they can cause epigenetic changes ( 10 ). Epigenetic changes ascribe to the change in the biochemical structure of DNA that ultimately alters gene expression. This includes DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA processes

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Min Yang Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China

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Xiangling Deng Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China

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Shunan Wang Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China

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Bo Zhou Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China

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Wenquan Niu Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China

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Zhixin Zhang International Medical Services, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China

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maturation, and short stature . Pediatric Research 2020 88 117 – 124 . ( https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-019-0690-3 ) 36 Romens SE McDonald J Svaren J Pollak SD Associations between early life stress and gene methylation in children . Child

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Sakina Kherra CHU Parnet Hopital, Algiers, Algeria

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Wendy Forsyth Paterson Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill, Glasgow, UK

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Filiz Mine Cizmecioglu Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey

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Jeremy Huw Jones Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK

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Mariam Kourime Abderrahim Harouchi Hôpital, Casablanca, Morocco

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Heba Hassan Elsedfy Pediatrics Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

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Sameh Tawfik Department of Pediatrics, Maadi Hospital, Cairo, Egypt

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Andreas Kyriakou Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK

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Mohamad Guftar Shaikh Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK

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Malcolm David Cairns Donaldson Section of Child Health, Glasgow University School of Medicine, Glasgow, UK

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using the Holm criteria ( 4 ) combined with newly established methylation testing techniques for 15 q analysis ( 16 ). Until 2011, clinical, biochemical, pelvic ultrasound and surgical treatment details on PWS patients were collected on a rolling basis

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Barbara J Boucher Blizard Institute, Barts & The London school of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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by altering gene methylation, by changing the configuration of histone cores around which chromatid chains are wound within the chromosomes, or by inducing changes in non-coding genetic RNA ( 34 ). Many mechanistic effects improve function or

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Marra Jai Aghajani Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia

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Tao Yang School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
Saint Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
SydPath, Saint Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia

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Ulf Schmitz Computational BioMedicine Laboratory Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia

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Alexander James Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia

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Charles Eugenio McCafferty Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia

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Paul de Souza Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia

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Navin Niles Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia

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Tara L Roberts Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
South West Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia

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expression is regulated by both DNA methylation and NF-kB during EMT signaling in non-small cell lung carcinoma . Oncoimmunology 2018 7 e1423170. ( https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2017.1423170 ) 41 Funaki S Shintani Y Fukui E Yamamoto Y

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Yao Chen Hangzhou Fuyang Women and Children Hospital, Hangzhou, China

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Shu-ying Fang Hangzhou Fuyang Women and Children Hospital, Hangzhou, China

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, which could improve diagnosis and treatment of PCOS patients. Polymorphic variants of genes have been garnered mainly by genome-wide analysis and epigenetic regulation such as DNA methylation and noncoding RNAs have been more recently linked with PCOS

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Paula Bruna Araujo Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrine Unit, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Diagnósticos da América SA, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Leandro Kasuki Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrine Unit, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Neuroendocrinology Unit, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Endocrinology Unit, Hospital Federal de Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Carlos Henrique de Azeredo Lima Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Liana Ogino Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Aline H S Camacho Neuropathology Laboratory Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Leila Chimelli Neuropathology Laboratory Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Márta Korbonits Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK

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Monica R Gadelha Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrine Unit, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Neuroendocrinology Unit, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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development of the pituitary tumor, such as downregulation of gene expression through promoter methylation ( 37 ) or via microRNAs ( 38 ). One of our important findings is that we have not identified somatic mutations in the tumor samples studied. This is in

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Vittorio Unfer Health Department, UniPoliSi – Institut des Etudes Universitaires, Disentis, Switzerland

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Fabio Facchinetti Mother-Infant Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

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Beatrice Orrù Medical Affairs Department, Lo.Li. Pharma, Rome, Italy

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Barbara Giordani Medical Affairs Department, Lo.Li. Pharma, Rome, Italy

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John Nestler Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA

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heterogeneity statistically demonstrated along with the effects. MI is the most abundant form of inositol in humans. It can turn into various derivatives through either epimerization, phosphorylation or methylation of its hydroxyl groups. The NAD

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Frederic Schrøder Arendrup Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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Severine Mazaud-Guittot Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Irset – Inserm, UMR 1085, Rennes, France

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Bernard Jégou Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Irset – Inserm, UMR 1085, Rennes, France
EHESP-School of Public Health, Rennes, France

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David Møbjerg Kristensen Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Irset – Inserm, UMR 1085, Rennes, France

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–child pairs . Human Reproduction 2017 32 223 – 231 . ( https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dew285 ) 39 Labosky P Barlow D Hogan B. Mouse embryonic germ (EG) cell lines: transmission through the germline and differences in the methylation imprint of

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M Axelstad Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

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U Hass Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

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M Scholze Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK

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S Christiansen Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

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A Kortenkamp Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK

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J Boberg Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

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Inawaka K Kawabe M Takahashi S Doi Y Tomigahara Y Tarui H Abe J Kawamura S Shirai T. Maternal exposure to anti-androgenic compounds, vinclozolin, flutamide and procymidone, has no effects on spermatogenesis and DNA methylation in male

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