Marra Jai Aghajani
Marra Jai Aghajani
Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
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School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
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Tao Yang
Tao Yang
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
Saint Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
SydPath, Saint Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Saint Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
SydPath, Saint Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Ulf Schmitz
Ulf Schmitz
Computational BioMedicine Laboratory Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Alexander James
Alexander James
Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
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Charles Eugenio McCafferty
Charles Eugenio McCafferty
Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
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School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
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Paul de Souza
Paul de Souza
Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Navin Niles
Navin Niles
Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Tara L Roberts
Tara L Roberts
Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
South West Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
South West Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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-1, has been shown to induce potent inhibition of T-cell mediated anti-tumoural immunity ( 10 ). Elevated PD‐L1 levels have been associated with a poor prognosis in multiple cancer types ( 11 ). We have completed a meta-analysis confirming that non
Xiaolei Hu
Xiaolei Hu
Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Fengling Chen
Fengling Chen
Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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IA titres have been associated with insulin resistance, reflected by an increase in insulin requirement ( 15 ). In a recent study, immune-reactive insulin levels were strongly correlated with IA levels, and elevated fasting immuno-reactive insulin
Mengxue Yang
Mengxue Yang
Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Department of Endocrinology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Department of Endocrinology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Bowen Sun
Bowen Sun
Department of Endocrinology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Jianhui Li
Jianhui Li
Department of Endocrinology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Bo Yang
Bo Yang
Department of Endocrinology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Jie Xu
Jie Xu
School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Xue Zhou
Xue Zhou
Department of Endocrinology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Jie Yu
Jie Yu
School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Xuan Zhang
Xuan Zhang
Department of Endocrinology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Qun Zhang
Qun Zhang
Department of Endocrinology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Shan Zhou
Shan Zhou
Department of Endocrinology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Xiaohua Sun
Xiaohua Sun
Department of Endocrinology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
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genetic factors, environmental factors and immune factors ( 7 , 8 ). However, the exact mechanisms underlying the development of GD remain unclear. Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) may be effective inducers of Th17 cells in the intestinal mucosal
Paolo G Arduino
Paolo G Arduino
Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Dora Karimi
Dora Karimi
Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Federico Tirone
Federico Tirone
Private Practice, Cuneo, Italy
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Veronica Sciannameo
Veronica Sciannameo
Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
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Fulvio Ricceri
Fulvio Ricceri
Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
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Marco Cabras
Marco Cabras
Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Alessio Gambino
Alessio Gambino
Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Davide Conrotto
Davide Conrotto
Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Stefano Salzano
Stefano Salzano
Private Practice, Cuneo, Italy
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Mario Carbone
Mario Carbone
Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Roberto Broccoletti
Roberto Broccoletti
Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Introduction Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common immune-mediated mucocutaneous disorder, usually described among females between the fifth and the sixth decades; the estimated worldwide prevalence is reported between 0.22 and 5%, with an
Yun Hu
Yun Hu
Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Na Li
Na Li
Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Peng Jiang
Peng Jiang
Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Liang Cheng
Liang Cheng
Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Bo Ding
Bo Ding
Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Xiao-Mei Liu
Xiao-Mei Liu
Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Ke He
Ke He
Department of Endocrinology, Wuxi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
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Yun-Qing Zhu
Yun-Qing Zhu
Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Bing-li Liu
Bing-li Liu
Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Xin Cao
Xin Cao
Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Hong Zhou
Hong Zhou
Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Xiao-Ming Mao
Xiao-Ming Mao
Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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modulation of the immune response and play essential roles in the prevention of autoimmune disease ( 24 , 25 ). Natural Tregs (nTregs) develop in the thymus and represent approximately 5–10% of the total number of peripheral CD4 + T cells ( 25 ). They are
Weiwei He
Weiwei He
Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanan Medical University, Shaanxi, China
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Bin Wang
Bin Wang
Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kaida Mu
Kaida Mu
Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Jing Zhang
Jing Zhang
Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Yanping Yang
Yanping Yang
Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Wei Yao
Wei Yao
Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Sheli Li
Sheli Li
Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanan Medical University, Shaanxi, China
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Jin-an Zhang
Jin-an Zhang
Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Introduction In autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), one of the autoimmune diseases, cytokine-mediated immunity play a key role during the pathogenesis and development ( 1 ). AITDs are common endocrine autoimmune diseases with prevalence of
Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou
Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou
Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Hajar Oghbaei
Hajar Oghbaei
Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Laura Lotz
Laura Lotz
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Reza Zarezadeh
Reza Zarezadeh
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Yeganeh Rastgar Rezaei
Yeganeh Rastgar Rezaei
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Mahnaz Ranjkesh
Mahnaz Ranjkesh
Medical Radiation Science Research Group (MRSRG), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Mohammad Nouri
Mohammad Nouri
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Amir Fattahi
Amir Fattahi
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Saba Nikanfar
Saba Nikanfar
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Ralf Dittrich
Ralf Dittrich
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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-like factors called adipokines. Adipokines are a kind of cytokine that contributes to energy metabolism, inflammation, immunity, and angiogenesis, as well as, reproductive maturity and fertility ( 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ). Regarding the latter effect, it has been
Paraskevi Kazakou
Paraskevi Kazakou
Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Stavroula A Paschou
Stavroula A Paschou
Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Theodora Psaltopoulou
Theodora Psaltopoulou
Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Maria Gavriatopoulou
Maria Gavriatopoulou
Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Eleni Korompoki
Eleni Korompoki
Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Katerina Stefanaki
Katerina Stefanaki
Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Fotini Kanouta
Fotini Kanouta
Department of Endocrinology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Georgia N Kassi
Georgia N Kassi
Department of Endocrinology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
Unit of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Asimina Mitrakou
Asimina Mitrakou
Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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, 79, 80) Low TSH concentrations (77, 78, 79, 80) Hypothyroidism (78) Direct virus effect on follicular cells (89) Immune mechanisms (76) Euthyroid sick syndrome (76, 93) Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction due to edema and neuronal degeneration (76
Fernando Aprile-Garcia
Fernando Aprile-Garcia
Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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María Antunica-Noguerol
María Antunica-Noguerol
Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Maia Ludmila Budziñski
Maia Ludmila Budziñski
Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ana C Liberman
Ana C Liberman
Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Eduardo Arzt
Eduardo Arzt
Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires – CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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components of the immune system and the neuroendocrine system, thus assuring maintenance of homeostasis avoiding excessive inflammatory effects that could be deleterious (10, 18) . GCs are vital hormones that regulate a wide array of functions. Among others
Changwei Liu
Changwei Liu
Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Jingwen Wang
Jingwen Wang
Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Yuanyuan Wan
Yuanyuan Wan
Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Xiaona Xia
Xiaona Xia
Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Jian Pan
Jian Pan
Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Wei Gu
Wei Gu
Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Mei Li
Mei Li
Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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( 5 ). A lot of evidence has revealed that 1,25(OH)2D3 is closely related to the occurrence of autoimmune diseases ( 6 , 7 ). Vitamin D can inhibit inflammation and immune reaction, promote synthesis and secretion of insulin and increase insulin
