School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Department of Neurosurgery, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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disinhibition of prolactin secretion from normal pituitary tissue. One tumour co-expressed TSH, GH and PRL without evidence of hyperthyroidism or hyperprolactinaemia clinically or biochemically. The tumours causing GH excess expressed both SSTR2 and SSTR5. SSTR2
Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
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Gender Female 119 (51) Thyroid function on admission None 161 (69) Treated hypothyroidism 33 (14) Untreated hypothyroidism 16 (7) Other (including hyperthyroidism) 22 (10) No known
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The University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, UK
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endocrinopathy is thyroiditis. In general, it starts with a transient hyperthyroid phase, which may not be symptomatic, followed by permanent subclinical or overt hypothyroidism. There have been reports of Graves’ hyperthyroidism and opthalmopathy, thyroid storm
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correlation ( 7 ). In 2013, Tamada et al. first reported ‘hyperthyroidism’ in two CS patients after surgery due to ‘syndrome of inappropriate secretion of TSH’ (SITSH) associated with the insufficient replacement of hydrocortisone (HC) ( 8 ). Free T3 and
Department of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Department of Endocrinology, The Christie, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Department of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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hypothyroidism (i.e. growth retardation, learning difficulty, developmental delay in children, hearing impairment, nystagmus) and symptoms of hyperthyroidism (i.e. tachycardia, hyperactivity, high basal metabolic rate) ( 3 ). Subjects with homozygous mutations in
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, including treatment for hypothyroidism, and TSH suppressive levothyroxine doses in the therapy of thyroidectomy may influence BTMs ( 24 , 25 ). On the other hand, bone loss could be reversed by the treatment of hyperthyroidism ( 26 ). Thus, considering the
Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Microbiology, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
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Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
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. Both overt hypothyroidism, as well as Graves’ hyperthyroidism, is associated with miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth and low birth weight, and suboptimal offspring neurocognitive development ( 2 ). In the last two decades, some but not all
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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additional inclusion criterium in all patients to further establish a firm study group and minimize the possibility of including patients with other etiology of hyperthyroidism although this is not a required criterium for the diagnosis by American Thyroid
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). Treatment of overt hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism during pregnancy has been suggested by the American Thyroid Association (ATA) and the Endocrine Society due to its negative effect on the foetus and mother ( 9 , 10 ). Although there are some
Department of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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. Decreased levels of APN have a role in the pathology of AS in patients with hypothyroidism ( 9 ). Seifi and coworkers found that the mRNA levels of APN receptors are regulated by thyroid hormones in VAT of rats with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism ( 10