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Prishila Fookeerah Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia

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Winny Varikatt Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

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Meena Shingde Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

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Mark A J Dexter Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Department of Neurosurgery, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia

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Mark McLean Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia

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disinhibition of prolactin secretion from normal pituitary tissue. One tumour co-expressed TSH, GH and PRL without evidence of hyperthyroidism or hyperprolactinaemia clinically or biochemically. The tumours causing GH excess expressed both SSTR2 and SSTR5. SSTR2

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Amir Bashkin Department of Endocrinology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel

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Eliran Yaakobi Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel

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Marina Nodelman Department of Endocrinology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel

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Ohad Ronen Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel

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Gender  Female 119 (51) Thyroid function on admission  None 161 (69)  Treated hypothyroidism 33 (14)  Untreated hypothyroidism 16 (7)  Other (including hyperthyroidism) 22 (10)  No known

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C E Higham Department of Endocrinology, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK

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A Olsson-Brown The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Bebbington, Wirral, UK
The University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, UK

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P Carroll Department of Endocrinology, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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T Cooksley Department of Acute Medicine, UHSM and Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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J Larkin Skin Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK

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P Lorigan Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

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D Morganstein Department of Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK

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P J Trainer Department of Endocrinology, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK

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the Society for Endocrinology Clinical Committee The Society for Endocrinology, Starling House, 1600 Bristol Parkway North, Bristol, UK

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endocrinopathy is thyroiditis. In general, it starts with a transient hyperthyroid phase, which may not be symptomatic, followed by permanent subclinical or overt hypothyroidism. There have been reports of Graves’ hyperthyroidism and opthalmopathy, thyroid storm

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Boni Xiang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Ran Tao Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Xinhua Liu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Xiaoming Zhu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Min He Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Zengyi Ma Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Yehong Yang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Zhaoyun Zhang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Yiming Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Zhenwei Yao Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Yongfei Wang Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Hongying Ye Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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correlation ( 7 ). In 2013, Tamada et al. first reported ‘hyperthyroidism’ in two CS patients after surgery due to ‘syndrome of inappropriate secretion of TSH’ (SITSH) associated with the insufficient replacement of hydrocortisone (HC) ( 8 ). Free T3 and

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Marcus Heldmann Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
Department of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Krishna Chatterjee Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Carla Moran Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Berenike Rogge Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Julia Steinhardt Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Tobias Wagner-Altendorf Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Martin Göttlich Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Hannes Schacht Department of Neuroradiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Peter Schramm Department of Neuroradiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Georg Brabant Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
Department of Endocrinology, The Christie, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Thomas F Münte Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
Department of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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Anna Cirkel Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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hypothyroidism (i.e. growth retardation, learning difficulty, developmental delay in children, hearing impairment, nystagmus) and symptoms of hyperthyroidism (i.e. tachycardia, hyperactivity, high basal metabolic rate) ( 3 ). Subjects with homozygous mutations in

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Yi Chen Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Wen Zhang Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Chi Chen Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yuying Wang Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Ningjian Wang Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yingli Lu Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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, including treatment for hypothyroidism, and TSH suppressive levothyroxine doses in the therapy of thyroidectomy may influence BTMs ( 24 , 25 ). On the other hand, bone loss could be reversed by the treatment of hyperthyroidism ( 26 ). Thus, considering the

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Kjersti S Bakken Women’s Clinic, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

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Kristina Randjelovic Nermo Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Microbiology, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway

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Bjørn Gunnar Nedrebø Department of Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

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Tim I M Korevaar Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Tor A Strand Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway

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. Both overt hypothyroidism, as well as Graves’ hyperthyroidism, is associated with miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth and low birth weight, and suboptimal offspring neurocognitive development ( 2 ). In the last two decades, some but not all

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Katica Bajuk Studen Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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Simona Gaberšček Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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Edvard Pirnat Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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Nataša Bedernjak Bajuk Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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Andreja Vendramin Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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Vito Majcen Department of Nuclear Medicine, SB Celje, Celje, Slovenia

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Katja Zaletel Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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additional inclusion criterium in all patients to further establish a firm study group and minimize the possibility of including patients with other etiology of hyperthyroidism although this is not a required criterium for the diagnosis by American Thyroid

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Xiujuan Su Department of Women & Children’s Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yan Zhao Department of Women & Children’s Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Zhijuan Cao Department of Women & Children’s Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yingying Yang Department of Women & Children’s Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Tony Duan Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Jing Hua Department of Women & Children’s Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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). Treatment of overt hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism during pregnancy has been suggested by the American Thyroid Association (ATA) and the Endocrine Society due to its negative effect on the foetus and mother ( 9 , 10 ). Although there are some

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Ningning Gong Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
Department of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China

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Cuixia Gao Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China

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Xuedi Chen Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China

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Yu Wang Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China

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Limin Tian Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China

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. Decreased levels of APN have a role in the pathology of AS in patients with hypothyroidism ( 9 ). Seifi and coworkers found that the mRNA levels of APN receptors are regulated by thyroid hormones in VAT of rats with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism ( 10

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