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Maria Houborg Petersen Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Jacob Volmer Stidsen Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Martin Eisemann de Almeida Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Emil Kleis Wentorf Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Kurt Jensen Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Niels Ørtenblad Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Kurt Højlund Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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insulin secretion are evaluated on the same day after the last bout of exercise has subsided ( 19 , 20 ). This is often done using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-derived surrogate markers of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity ( 5 , 12 , 13

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Gunjan Garg Departments of Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biostatics

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Garima Kachhawa Departments of Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biostatics

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Rekha Ramot Departments of Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biostatics

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Rajesh Khadgawat Departments of Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biostatics

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Nikhil Tandon Departments of Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biostatics

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V Sreenivas Departments of Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biostatics

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Alka Kriplani Departments of Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biostatics

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N Gupta Departments of Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biostatics

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glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-derived IS index, but not indices derived from fasting values, in Asian–Indian men. However, these studies have been limited by issues in design, including lack of randomization, absence of placebo control, use of indirect

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Yao Su Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Li Chen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Dong-Yao Zhang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Xu-Pei Gan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yan-Nan Cao Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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De-Cui Cheng Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Wen-Yu Liu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Fei-Fei Li Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Xian-Ming Xu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Hong-Kun Wang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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indicates that they are obese ( 4 ). Pre-pregnancy BMI = weight (kg)/height (m 2 ). A diagnosis of GDM can be confirmed using a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), with blood glucose levels when fasting and 1 and 2 h after ingesting the glucose of ≥5

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Morten Winkler Møller Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark

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Marianne Skovsager Andersen Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark

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Christian Bonde Pedersen Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark

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Bjarne Winther Kristensen Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark

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Frantz Rom Poulsen Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark

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to <1 µg/L after an OGTT and elevated IGF-I). The exact diagnosis was based on the postoperative pathological and immunohistochemical analysis. After surgery, the patients were monitored for development of DI. Postoperative pituitary function was

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Panisa Hantrakun Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Rattanaporn Sekararithi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Thidarat Jaiwongkam Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Sirinart Kumfu Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Chatree Chai-adisaksopha Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Nipon Chattipakorn Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Theera Tongsong Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Phudit Jatavan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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recommended by the National Diabetes Data Group (screened with 50 g glucose challenge test, using cut off at 140 mg/dL and diagnosed using the standard 100 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), diagnosed if two or more of the following thresholds were met

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Dorte Glintborg Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Katrine Hass Rubin OPEN – Odense Patient data Explorative Network, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Mads Nybo Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Bo Abrahamsen OPEN – Odense Patient data Explorative Network, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Department of Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark

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Marianne Andersen Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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thyroid hormones) and 2077 women with PCOS and normal thyroid function ( 14 ). In PCOS, subclinical hypothyroidism was linked to a more disadvantageous lipid profile and higher HOMA-ir, but glucose levels during 2-h OGTT were comparable ( 14 ). The authors

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Jing Wang Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China
Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

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Leishen Wang Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Huikun Liu Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Shuang Zhang Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Junhong Leng Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Weiqin Li Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Tao Zhang Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Nan Li Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Wei Li Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center Tianjin, China

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Andrea A Baccarelli Department of Environmental Health Sciences Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA

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Lifang Hou Department of Preventive Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Gang Hu Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

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women (at their 26–30 gestational weeks) to participate in a 1-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with 50 g glucose load in their community health centers. Then, those whose glucose reading ≥7.8 mmol/L were referred to the Tianjin Women’s and Children

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Hathairat Rueangdetnarong Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Rattanaporn Sekararithi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Thidarat Jaiwongkam Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Sirinart Kumfu Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Nipon Chattipakorn Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (CERT), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Theera Tongsong Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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Phudit Jatavan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

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screened with 50 g glucose challenge test (GCT), using cut off at 140 mg/dL. (2) The women with positive GCT underwent the standard 100 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diagnosis of GDM, using the criteria recommended by National Diabetes Data Group

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Anna Kistner Women and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

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Mireille Vanpée Women and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

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Kerstin Hall Women and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

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tolerance test (OGTT), low IGFBP1 predicts the development of type 2 diabetes within a decade (21, 22) . In young adult women born SGA at term, we have previously shown decreased levels of IGFBP1 compared with controls (23) . The aim of this study was to

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Ping Gu Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Yuege Lin Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Qi Wan Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Dongming Su Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

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Qun Shu Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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HbA1c > 6.5% or FPG > 7.0 mM. All patients with GDM were newly diagnosed and had not undergone any anti-diabetic treatments. In this study, blood samples were collected during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation. Before

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