M L M Barreto-Chaves
M L M Barreto-Chaves
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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N Senger
N Senger
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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M R Fevereiro
M R Fevereiro
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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A C Parletta
A C Parletta
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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A P C Takano
A P C Takano
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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contribution of the RAS as an important mediator of these effects. Thyroid hormones Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) are the major TH produced by follicular cells of the thyroid gland, and they are bound to thyroglobulin protein until their
Maria Stelmachowska-Banaś
Maria Stelmachowska-Banaś
Department of Endocrinology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Polska, Poland
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Izabella Czajka-Oraniec
Izabella Czajka-Oraniec
Department of Endocrinology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Polska, Poland
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; TGAb, thyroglobulin antibodies; TPOAb, thyroid peroxidase antibodies; TRAb, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone. When IH is suspected and/or hypopituitarism is present, the proceeding diagnostic
Min Li
Min Li
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ying Chen
Ying Chen
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Jingjing Jiang
Jingjing Jiang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yan Lu
Yan Lu
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhiyi Song
Zhiyi Song
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shengjie Zhang
Shengjie Zhang
CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Chao Sun
Chao Sun
CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Hao Ying
Hao Ying
CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Xiaofang Fan
Xiaofang Fan
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yuping Song
Yuping Song
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Jialin Yang
Jialin Yang
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Lin Zhao
Lin Zhao
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index; Nrg4, neuregulin 4; TBIL, total bilirubin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; TGAb, thyroglobulin antibody; TPOAb, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone
Stine Linding Andersen
Stine Linding Andersen
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Louise Knøsgaard
Louise Knøsgaard
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Aase Handberg
Aase Handberg
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Peter Vestergaard
Peter Vestergaard
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Stig Andersen
Stig Andersen
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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(TBG) and the thyroid-stimulating effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). What remains less certain is how pregnancy affects the metabolism of thyroid hormones via the iodothyronine deiodinases types 1, 2, and 3 (D1, D2, and D3). D2 and D3 are
Thomas Crezee
Thomas Crezee
Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Mirela Petrulea
Mirela Petrulea
Department of Endocrinology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Doina Piciu
Doina Piciu
Department of Endocrinology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Martin Jaeger
Martin Jaeger
Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Institute of Oncology ‘Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta’, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Institute of Oncology ‘Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta’, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Jan W A Smit
Jan W A Smit
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Theo S Plantinga
Theo S Plantinga
Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Institute of Oncology ‘Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta’, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Institute of Oncology ‘Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta’, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Carmen E Georgescu
Carmen E Georgescu
Department of Endocrinology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Endocrinology Clinic, Cluj County Emergency Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Endocrinology Clinic, Cluj County Emergency Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Romana Netea-Maier
Romana Netea-Maier
Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Institute of Oncology ‘Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta’, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Tumors, Institute of Oncology ‘Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta’, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg, <1 pmol/L in the Dutch patients and <0.04 ng/mL in the Romanian patients) in the absence of anti-Tg antibodies and no evidence of loco-regional disease or distant metastasis on the whole body iodine scans (WBS) and/or neck
Nikolina Zdraveska
Nikolina Zdraveska
University Children’s Hospital Skopje, Faculty of Medicine, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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Maja Zdravkovska
Maja Zdravkovska
Institute of Patophysiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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Violeta Anastasovska
Violeta Anastasovska
University Children’s Hospital Skopje, Faculty of Medicine, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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Elena Sukarova-Angelovska
Elena Sukarova-Angelovska
University Children’s Hospital Skopje, Faculty of Medicine, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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Mirjana Kocova
Mirjana Kocova
University Children’s Hospital Skopje, Faculty of Medicine, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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dyshormonogenesis due to defects of thyroid hormone biosynthesis. The etiologic evaluation of CH is possible through several examinations, such as ultrasonography, scintigraphy, thyroglobulin measurement and perchlorate discharge test. There are also cases where the
Anne H van der Spek
Anne H van der Spek
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Olga V Surovtseva
Olga V Surovtseva
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Saskia Aan
Saskia Aan
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Anton T J Tool
Anton T J Tool
Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Annemarie van de Geer
Annemarie van de Geer
Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Korcan Demir
Korcan Demir
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
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Anja L M van Gucht
Anja L M van Gucht
Department of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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A S Paul van Trotsenburg
A S Paul van Trotsenburg
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Timo K van den Berg
Timo K van den Berg
Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Eric Fliers
Eric Fliers
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Anita Boelen
Anita Boelen
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by unstimulated macrophages ( 26 , 27 ), a lower induction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) during acute inflammation ( 5 ) and impaired macrophage function in
Marie Reeberg Sass
Marie Reeberg Sass
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nicolai Jacob Wewer Albrechtsen
Nicolai Jacob Wewer Albrechtsen
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jens Pedersen
Jens Pedersen
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
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Kristine Juul Hare
Kristine Juul Hare
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nis Borbye-Lorenzen
Nis Borbye-Lorenzen
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Katalin Kiss
Katalin Kiss
Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tina Vilsbøll
Tina Vilsbøll
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Filip Krag Knop
Filip Krag Knop
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Steen Seier Poulsen
Steen Seier Poulsen
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Niklas Rye Jørgensen
Niklas Rye Jørgensen
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jens Juul Holst
Jens Juul Holst
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cathrine Ørskov
Cathrine Ørskov
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bolette Hartmann
Bolette Hartmann
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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set for thyroglobulin ( TG ) (cat. no: QT00095053) was used as negative control. Statistical analyses To assess distribution of data, residual plots and histograms were plotted, and Shapiro–Wilk tests for normality (Swik command) and Brown
Pan Chen
Pan Chen
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Liqin Pan
Liqin Pan
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Wensi Huang
Wensi Huang
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Huijuan Feng
Huijuan Feng
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Wei Ouyang
Wei Ouyang
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Juqing Wu
Juqing Wu
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Jing Wang
Jing Wang
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Yuying Deng
Yuying Deng
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Jiaxin Luo
Jiaxin Luo
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Yanying Chen
Yanying Chen
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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according to 2015 ATA guidelines ( 7 ). The patients followed a low-iodine diet for 3–4 weeks and thyroid hormone withdrawal at least 3 weeks before 131 I therapy. The oral 131 I dose depended on the postoperative risk stratification and stimulated
Jeonghoon Ha
Jeonghoon Ha
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Jeongmin Lee
Jeongmin Lee
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Kwanhoon Jo
Kwanhoon Jo
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Dong-Jun Lim
Dong-Jun Lim
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Moo Il Kang
Moo Il Kang
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Bong Yun Cha
Bong Yun Cha
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Min-Hee Kim
Min-Hee Kim
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Introduction Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is defined as a mildly elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level with a serum free thyroxine (FT4) level within the normal range ( 1 ). While treatment of SCH is not mandatory in most
