Kristin Ottarsdottir
Kristin Ottarsdottir
Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Margareta Hellgren
Margareta Hellgren
Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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David Bock
David Bock
Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Anna G Nilsson
Anna G Nilsson
Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Bledar Daka
Bledar Daka
Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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questionnaires were used to obtain information on lifestyle including current smoking habits, alcohol intake, and leisure time physical activity ( 14 ). Laboratory analyses Fasting venous blood samples were drawn in the morning and 2 h after a 75 g oral
Johan Verhelst
Johan Verhelst
Department of Endocrinology, ZNA Middelheim Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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Anders F Mattsson
Anders F Mattsson
Pfizer Endocrine Care, Pfizer Health AB, Sollentuna, Sweden
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Cecilia Camacho-Hübner
Cecilia Camacho-Hübner
Pfizer Endocrine Care, Pfizer, Inc., New York, New York, USA
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Anton Luger
Anton Luger
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University and General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
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Roger Abs
Roger Abs
Antwerp Centre for Endocrinology, Antwerp, Belgium
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normality independently of any condition. The other one, metabolic disruption, could be prevented by timely diagnosis of GHD and treated by adequate GH replacement, but it will also require a lifestyle intervention, physical activity and especially weight
Xiying Zeng
Xiying Zeng
The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Yinxiang Huang
Yinxiang Huang
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Mulin Zhang
Mulin Zhang
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Yun Chen
Yun Chen
The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Jiawen Ye
Jiawen Ye
The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Yan Han
Yan Han
School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Danyan Ma
Danyan Ma
School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Xin Zheng
Xin Zheng
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Xiaohong Yan
Xiaohong Yan
Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Changqin Liu
Changqin Liu
The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen, China
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Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen, China
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of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 2010 32 687 – 690 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/s1701-2163(1634573-x ) 16 Dólleman M Verschuren WM Eijkemans MJ Dollé ME Jansen EH Broekmans FJ van der Schouw YT . Reproductive and lifestyle
Małgorzata Kałużna
Małgorzata Kałużna
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Agnieszka Nomejko
Agnieszka Nomejko
Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Pedagogical and Historical Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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Aleksandra Słowińska
Aleksandra Słowińska
Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Pedagogical and Historical Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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Katarzyna Wachowiak-Ochmańska
Katarzyna Wachowiak-Ochmańska
Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases Ward, Heliodor Swiecicki University Hospital, Poznan, Poland
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Katarzyna Pikosz
Katarzyna Pikosz
Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Katarzyna Ziemnicka
Katarzyna Ziemnicka
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Marek Ruchała
Marek Ruchała
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Medicine 2018 40 239 – 246 . ( https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_561_17 ) 5 Prathap A Subhalakshmi TP Varghese PJ . A cross-sectional study on the proportion of anxiety and depression and determinants of quality of life in polycystic
Barbara J Boucher
Barbara J Boucher
The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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makes the lack of assessment of vitamin D status at the end of the study especially regrettable since achieved vitamin D status has emerged as an important determinant of many health outcomes ( 96 ). For example, serum 25(OH)D values of ≤100 nmol
R H M Dykgraaf
R H M Dykgraaf
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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S Schalekamp-Timmermans
S Schalekamp-Timmermans
Division of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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M C Adank
M C Adank
Division of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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S A A van den Berg
S A A van den Berg
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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B M N van de Lang-Born
B M N van de Lang-Born
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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T I M Korevaar
T I M Korevaar
Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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A Kumar
A Kumar
Ansh Labs, Webster, Texas, USA
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B Kalra
B Kalra
Ansh Labs, Webster, Texas, USA
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G V Savjani
G V Savjani
Ansh Labs, Webster, Texas, USA
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E A P Steegers
E A P Steegers
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Division of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Division of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Y V Louwers
Y V Louwers
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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J S E Laven
J S E Laven
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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.8% at 5.5 ng/mL and 2.3% at 34.0 ng/mL ( 35 , 36 ). Covariates Gestational age was established using data from the first ultrasound examination ( 37 ). Information on possible determinants (sociodemographic factors, lifestyle habits such as
Weiwei He
Weiwei He
School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
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Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
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Caoxin Huang
Caoxin Huang
Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
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Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
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Xiulin Shi
Xiulin Shi
Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Menghua Wu
Menghua Wu
School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
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Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
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Han Li
Han Li
School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
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Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
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Qiuhong Liu
Qiuhong Liu
School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
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Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
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Xiaofang Zhang
Xiaofang Zhang
Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
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Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
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Yan Zhao
Yan Zhao
Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
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Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
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Xuejun Li
Xuejun Li
Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Xiamen Diabetes Prevention and Treatment Center, Xiamen, China
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Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Diabetes, Xiamen, China
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Xiamen Diabetes Prevention and Treatment Center, Xiamen, China
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living standards and changes in lifestyles, the incidence of NAFLD has been increasing worldwide, and it has become one of the most important causes of chronic liver dysfunction ( 2 , 3 ). NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic
Jane Fletcher
Jane Fletcher
Nutrition Nurses, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
School of Nursing, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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School of Nursing, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Emma L Bishop
Emma L Bishop
Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Stephanie R Harrison
Stephanie R Harrison
Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
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Amelia Swift
Amelia Swift
School of Nursing, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Sheldon C Cooper
Sheldon C Cooper
Gastroenterology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Sarah K Dimeloe
Sarah K Dimeloe
Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Karim Raza
Karim Raza
Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Martin Hewison
Martin Hewison
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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determinant of vitamin D-mediated innate immune responses. Given that serum levels of 25D are the principal determinant of vitamin D ‘status’ in any given individual, the efficacy of antibacterial and antiviral immune responses may therefore be impaired in the
Kevin D Cashman
Kevin D Cashman
Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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they may relate to changes in lifestyle and environment (e.g. increase in urban population, decrease in the number of people engaged in outdoor occupations, air pollution) which are associated with sunlight exposure ( 51 ). It is worth noting that
E M Winter
E M Winter
Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden, the Netherlands
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A Ireland
A Ireland
Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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N C Butterfield
N C Butterfield
Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, DuCane Road, London, United Kingdom
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M Haffner-Luntzer
M Haffner-Luntzer
Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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M-N Horcajada
M-N Horcajada
Nestlé Research, Department of Musculoskeletal Health, Innovation EPFL Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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A G Veldhuis-Vlug
A G Veldhuis-Vlug
Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden, the Netherlands
Jan van Goyen Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Jan van Goyen Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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L Oei
L Oei
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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G Colaianni
G Colaianni
Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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N Bonnet
N Bonnet
Nestlé Research, Department of Musculoskeletal Health, Innovation EPFL Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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. These processes are regulated by hormonal changes and often lead to physical changes in the mother’s skeleton. In addition, lifestyle factors which have an impact on bone health can alter during pregnancy and lactation. Physical activity may be lower
