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Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Room 4061 of KLSIC Building, 2146 West 39th Street, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
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twice with a 12-day interval. Five days later, 20 μl DNCB was painted on the left ear twice with a 60-min interval ( Fig. 1 A). Twenty-four hours later, the ear swelling was evaluated by measuring the differences in the thickness (with an engineer
INSERM U1018, Université Paris Sud, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bât 15/16, 16 Avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Paris, Villejuif Cedex, France
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been inconclusive (12) . Recent randomised controlled trials (RCTs) show that intensive glycaemic control does not have beneficial effects on the rate of cognitive decline (13, 14, 15, 16) . The increased frequency of hypoglycaemia in patients treated
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Departments of, Clinical Biochemistry, Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
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in widespread use since publication in 2007 of the large retrospective study of Terzolo et al . (3) . Accumulated knowledge of the mode of action of mitotane together with its effects on steroid synthesis and catabolism is patchy. Mitotane targets
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medications have been created, none of the molecules is a complete treatment, and prolonged use of some of these synthetic drugs can have dangerous side effects ( 7 ). Using plants was reported to be a beneficial alternative therapy to manage and treat
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transition in the future will not need specific surgeries to reverse physical characteristics they are deeply uncomfortable with (e.g. mammectomy for AFAB or voice feminization surgery for AMAB). Importantly, most of the effects of puberty-suppressing agents
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glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY) and ghrelin ( 2 ). The effects of exercise on these hormones have been investigated extensively over the past decade ( 3 , 4 ). Previous findings suggested that the concentrations of anorexigenic hormones
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further contributions improved vitamin D status may make to non-skeletal health, the correction of undesirable epigenetic effects of deficiency (especially in pregnancy where it may increase later health risks in offspring), the identification and
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Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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( 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ). Therefore, we classified participants as pre-pubertal (Tanner stage 1, hereafter referred to as stage A), early pubertal (Tanner stages 2 and 3, hereafter referred to as stage B), or late-pubertal (Tanner
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eukaryotic cells and has emerged as a key factor in regulating intermediary metabolism and energy homeostasis by acting as a simple sensor of low energy stores within cells and as a part of complex signal transduction networks mediating the effects of
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Jan van Goyen Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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body BMD in mothers aged 14 and 15 years compared to those aged 16 or 17 years ( 53 ). Long-term effects of pregnancy and lactation The long-term effects of pregnancy and lactation on bone characteristics in later life have also been examined