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Angelica Lindén Hirschberg Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

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performance by androgens Testosterone and DHT are the two androgens that clearly bind to the androgen receptor and thereby exert anabolic activity ( Fig. 4 ). Although recent evidence indicates that 11-ketotestosterone and 11-ketodihydrotestosterone

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Xichang Wang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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Xiaochun Teng Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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Chenyan Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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Yushu Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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Jing Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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Weiping Teng Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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Zhongyan Shan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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Yaxin Lai Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

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understanding of the pathology and accumulation of evidence in practice on hyperthyroidism, guidelines for the management of thyrotoxicosis and GD have been formulated or revised in China and abroad ( 1 , 6 , 7 ). In 2007, Chinese scholars formulated the first

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Frederic Schrøder Arendrup Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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Severine Mazaud-Guittot Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Irset – Inserm, UMR 1085, Rennes, France

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Bernard Jégou Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Irset – Inserm, UMR 1085, Rennes, France
EHESP-School of Public Health, Rennes, France

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David Møbjerg Kristensen Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Irset – Inserm, UMR 1085, Rennes, France

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lifespan, inevitably leading to menopause and infertility. Disturbed establishment of the follicle pool during fetal development may therefore be damaging to fertility in the adult female (reviewed in 1 ). In this review, we discuss the evidence of the

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David J F Smith Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Hemanth Prabhudev Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

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Sirazum Choudhury Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Karim Meeran Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Department of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK

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until recently, and are often overlooked due to an appropriate fear of Addisonian crises. However, evidence of harm from a minor excess of cortisol is apparent from patients who have subclinical autonomous cortisol production with an associated increase

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Gemma White Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Anand Velusamy Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Samantha Anandappa Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Michael Masucci Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Louise A Breen Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Mamta Joshi Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Barbara McGowan Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

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Johnathan G H Hubbard Department of Endocrine Surgery, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Rupert Obholzer Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Dimitra Christodoulou Department of Radiology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Audrey Jacques Department of Radiology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Philip Touska Department of Radiology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Fahim-Ul Hassan Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Louise Izatt Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Paul V Carroll Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

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growing evidence base to advocate genetic screening in all PPGL cases ( 10 ). In solitary low-risk PCC in the absence of family history, genetic testing is currently funded by NHS England when diagnosed in patients under 60 years of age or if

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Florian W Kiefer Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Introduction There is now a large body of evidence – at least in rodents – that the actions of brown adipose tissue (BAT) or the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) can protect against obesity and related complications ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). The

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Zhen-yu Song Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Qiuming Yao Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Zhiyuan Zhuo Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Zhe Ma Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Gang Chen Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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the overall results. Moreover, there was no evidence of significant heterogeneity between subgroups with the use of meta-regression analyses. Table 2 Summary risk estimates of the associations between vitamin D level and prostate cancer

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Xinlei Chen Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Liru Hu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Caojie Liu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Guangcheng Ni Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Yuwei Zhang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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providing evidence for clinical diagnosis and management. Methods and materials The study was approved by Sichuan University of West China Hospital GCP Center – a National Clinical Trials Agency. Written consent has been achieved from all patients

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David C Llewellyn Department of Endocrinology ASO/EASO COM, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK

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Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Kings Health Partners ENETS Centre of Excellence, Denmark Hill, London, UK
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK

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Royce P Vincent Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK

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Catherine Guy Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Eastern Road, Brighton, UK

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Eftychia E Drakou Department of Clinical Oncology, Guy’s Cancer Centre – Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London, UK

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Simon J B Aylwin Department of Endocrinology ASO/EASO COM, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Kings Health Partners ENETS Centre of Excellence, Denmark Hill, London, UK

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Ashley B Grossman Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Barts and the London School of Medicine, Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Institute, London, UK
Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK

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John K Ramage Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Kings Health Partners ENETS Centre of Excellence, Denmark Hill, London, UK
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK

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Georgios K Dimitriadis Department of Endocrinology ASO/EASO COM, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, Obesity Immunometabolism and Diabetes Group, King’s College London, London, UK

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( 10 ). There is speculation that neuroendocrine cells are the origin of lung NENs, but as we do not yet have evidence of the events of early cell change into neoplasm, this cannot be claimed definitively ( 16 ). However, around 25% of lung carcinomas

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Yongli Fu Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China

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Yaowu Sun Higher Education Research and Teaching Quality Assessment Center, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China

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Jiankun Zhang Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China

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Yu Cheng Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China

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trial ( 13 ). Evidence also demonstrated that severe hypoglycemia was strongly associated with hospital mortality, which was considered as an interactive factor for mortality ( 3 , 14 , 15 ). With all those dubious results, we aimed to reassess the

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