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Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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complications, the increased risk for fragility fractures has recently been recognized as an important complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM, T2DM) ( 3 , 4 , 5 ). While type 1 diabetics have low bone mineral density and a six- to
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Introduction Diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is a global health issue affecting millions of individuals worldwide, with its prevalence continually escalating ( 1 ). T2DM is associated with a multitude of
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. (1) Atz, atezolizumab; Ave, avelumab; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein-4; DM, diabetes mellitus; ICIs, immune checkpoint inhibitors; Ipi, ipilimumab; irAEs, immune-related adverse events; NA, not available; Niv, nivolumab
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). Historically, based on positivity of islet autoantibodies, diabetes mellitus had been classified into two clinical types: type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) ( 3 , 4 ). The progressive destruction of islet β cell mass caused by islet autoimmunity
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prevalence of T2DM in the general population (14.3%, Table 1 ). When we analysed the results of the OGTT performed in those not known to have diabetes, we observed a higher prevalence of newly diagnosed diabetes and ECMDs in patients with acromegaly compared
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noticed in previous studies that focused on association of VDR gene polymorphisms with increased susceptibility to T1DM in Taiwanese, Japanese, South Asian (Indian) and German populations ( 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ). Taq I polymorphism among type 1 DM
Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
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Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
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Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
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Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
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Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
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concurrent DM and COPD; (4) reported at least one clinical outcome among COPD-related hospitalizations, all-cause mortality, and hyperlactatemia. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) animal or in vitro research; (2) reviews, letters to the editor, or
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Department of Endocrinology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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levels in type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) correlated with the incidence and severity of diabetic retinopathy ( 11 ). In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between serum TMAO levels and DKD in T2DM patients and then tried to explore that
2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady and Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Srobarova, Prague, Czech Republic
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Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
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receptor antibodies (TRAbs), calcitonin, glucose, C-peptide, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were taken. The patients were sorted to groups of prediabetes (PDM) ( n = 55; 7.5%), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) ( n = 79; 10.9%) or a non-diabetic group (NDM) ( n = 588
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Introduction Diabetic nephropathy is a major microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and in many countries of the world, it is the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). Identification of high