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Nidan Qiao Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China

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Haixia Cheng Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Shanghai, China

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Zhaoyun Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Shanghai, China

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Hongying Ye Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Shanghai, China

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Ming Shen Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China

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Xuefei Shou Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China

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Xiaoyun Cao Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China

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Hong Chen Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Shanghai, China

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Xiang Zhou Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China

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Yongfei Wang Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China

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Yao Zhao Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China

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PPTs were submitted to postoperative radiation ( 8 ). Some patients showed a stable response, whereas others had progression of tumor size after radiotherapy. In our series, only one patient was exposed to radiotherapy due to an enlarged tumor during

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Elena Valassi Endocrinology/Medicine Department, Hospital Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, Unidad 747), IIB-Sant Pau, ISCIII and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain

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Natalia García-Giralt URFOA, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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Jorge Malouf Mineral Metabolism Unit, Medicine Department, Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

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Iris Crespo Endocrinology/Medicine Department, Hospital Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, Unidad 747), IIB-Sant Pau, ISCIII and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain

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Jaume Llauger Radiology Department, Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

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Adolfo Díez-Pérez URFOA, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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Susan M Webb Endocrinology/Medicine Department, Hospital Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, Unidad 747), IIB-Sant Pau, ISCIII and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain

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pegvisomant. All patients had transsphenoidal surgery from 6 months to 25 years (median: 5 years) prior to the inclusion in the study, and seven of them also received radiotherapy from 7 to 24 years (median: 16 years) after unsuccessful surgery. Three patients

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T L C Wolters Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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C D C C van der Heijden Division of Experimental Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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N van Leeuwen Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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B T P Hijmans-Kersten Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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M G Netea Division of Experimental Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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J W A Smit Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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D H J Thijssen Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK

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A R M M Hermus Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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N P Riksen Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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R T Netea-Maier Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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.001 Radiotherapy 0 10 0.01 Total cholesterol (mmol/L) 5.51 (1.24) 5.23 (1.1) 0.13 HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) 1.47 (0.51–2.84) 1.43 (0.57–2.88) 0.55 LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) 3.27 (1.17) 3.1 (0.93) 0.23 Triglycerides

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Anita Hokken-Koelega Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Aart-Jan van der Lely Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Berthold Hauffa University Children’s Hospital, Essen, Germany

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Gabriele Häusler Medical University and General Hospital of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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Gudmundur Johannsson Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden

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Mohamad Maghnie Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genova, Genova, Italy

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Jesús Argente Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain

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Jean DeSchepper University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium

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Helena Gleeson Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK

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John W Gregory Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK

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Charlotte Höybye Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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Fahrettin Keleştimur Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

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Anton Luger Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden

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Hermann L Müller Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Oldenburg, Medical Campus University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany

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Sebastian Neggers University Children’s Hospital, Essen, Germany

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Vera Popovic-Brkic Belgrade University School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia

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Eleonora Porcu University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Lars Sävendahl Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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Stephen Shalet The Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK

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Bessie Spiliotis University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Greece

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Maithé Tauber Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France

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Childhood Cancer Survivors (CCS), particularly in patients who have received radiation therapy. Patients who have received cranial radiotherapy (CRT) are at higher risk for anterior hypopituitarism ( 39 ). A report from the St Jude Lifetime Cohort study

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Renea A Taylor Department of Physiology, Cancer Program and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Victoria 3800, Australia

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Jennifer Lo Department of Physiology, Cancer Program and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Victoria 3800, Australia

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Natasha Ascui Department of Physiology, Cancer Program and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Victoria 3800, Australia

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Matthew J Watt Department of Physiology, Cancer Program and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Victoria 3800, Australia

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with early stage localised disease and commonly undergo radical prostatectomy surgery or external-beam radiotherapy. This therapy is curative for some men. However, for approximately one-third of cases, local recurrent and/or metastatic disease ensues

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Pinaki Dutta
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Bhuvanesh Mahendran Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Hematology, Histopathology, Gastroenterology, Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, Radiodiagnosis, 4th Floor, F Block, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh 160012, India

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K Shrinivas Reddy Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Hematology, Histopathology, Gastroenterology, Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, Radiodiagnosis, 4th Floor, F Block, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh 160012, India

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Jasmina Ahluwalia Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Hematology, Histopathology, Gastroenterology, Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, Radiodiagnosis, 4th Floor, F Block, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh 160012, India

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Kim Vaiphei Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Hematology, Histopathology, Gastroenterology, Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, Radiodiagnosis, 4th Floor, F Block, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh 160012, India

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Rakesh K Kochhar Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Hematology, Histopathology, Gastroenterology, Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, Radiodiagnosis, 4th Floor, F Block, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh 160012, India

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Prakamya Gupta Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Hematology, Histopathology, Gastroenterology, Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, Radiodiagnosis, 4th Floor, F Block, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh 160012, India

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Anand Srinivasan Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Hematology, Histopathology, Gastroenterology, Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, Radiodiagnosis, 4th Floor, F Block, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh 160012, India

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Mahesh Prakash Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Hematology, Histopathology, Gastroenterology, Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, Radiodiagnosis, 4th Floor, F Block, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh 160012, India

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Kanchan Kumar Mukherjee Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Hematology, Histopathology, Gastroenterology, Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, Radiodiagnosis, 4th Floor, F Block, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh 160012, India

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Viral N Shah
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Girish Parthan
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Anil Bhansali
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of radiotherapy increases in acromegaly patients (3) . The prevalence of GHD is higher in treated acromegaly patients as compared with patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas treated with similar modalities (15% vs 5%) (4) . GHD in adulthood

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Marra Jai Aghajani Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia

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Tara Laurine Roberts Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
South West Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia

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Tao Yang School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
Saint Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
SydPath, Saint Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia

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Charles Eugenio McCafferty Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia

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Nicole J Caixeiro Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia

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Paul DeSouza Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
South West Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia

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Navin Niles Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia

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cell death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy . Radiotherapy and Oncology 2018 129 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2017.11.027 ) 24 Nagato T Ohkuri T Ohara K Hirata Y Kishibe K

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Rimesh Pal Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

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Sanjay Kumar Bhadada Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

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Awesh Singhare Department of Endocrinology, P D Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India

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Anil Bhansali Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

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Sadishkumar Kamalanathan Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India

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Manoj Chadha Department of Endocrinology, P D Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India

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Phulrenu Chauhan Department of Endocrinology, P D Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India

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Ashwani Sood Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

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Vandana Dhiman Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

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Dinesh Chandra Sharma Division of Endocrinology, Rabindranath Tagore Medical College, Udaipur, India

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Uma Nahar Saikia Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

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Debajyoti Chatterjee Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

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Vikas Agashe Department of Orthopaedics, P D Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India

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minimally invasive and safe treatment option for patients with inoperable TIO. However efficacy varies, and long-term effects are not known ( 46 , 47 , 48 ). Radiotherapy, as either an adjuvant or a primary treatment modality, remains a viable option for

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Qian Wang Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Jiacheng Wang Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Yunhui Xin Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Ziyang He Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Xiang Zhou Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Xing Liu Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Teng Zhao Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Lihan He Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Hong Shen Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Mulan Jin Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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Bojun Wei Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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approach for curing PC may be the en bloc resection of parathyroid lesions with negative incision margins ( 1 , 4 , 5 ), since PC is often insensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy ( 6 , 7 ). Most patients with PC suffer from lifetime distress due to

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Yee-Ming M Cheung Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Northwell, Great Neck, New York, USA

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Rudolf Hoermann Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia

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Karen Van Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia

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Damian Wu Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia

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Jenny Healy Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia

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Bella Halim Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia

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Manjri Raval Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia

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Maria McGill Department of Radiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia

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Ali Al-Fiadh Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne Australia

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Michael Chao Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia

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Shane White Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia

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Belinda Yeo Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia

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Jeffrey D Zajac Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia

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Mathis Grossmann Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia

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cancer treatments, specifically radiotherapy and chemotherapy ( 6 ). Existing studies investigating the association between AI therapy and CVD mortality in primarily postmenopausal women have reported conflicting results ( 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12

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