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Katarzyna Wyskida Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty of Silesia in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Grzegorz Franik Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical Faculty of Silesia in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Tomasz Wikarek Department of Gynecology, Medical Faculty of Silesia in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Aleksander Owczarek Department of Statistics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Alham Delroba Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty of Silesia in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Jerzy Chudek Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty of Silesia in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Jerzy Sikora Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty of Silesia in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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previously published studies, which revealed a reduction in adipocyte insulin receptor binding ( 22 ) and a decrease in insulin sensitivity in the luteal phase in comparison to the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle ( 23 ). Additionally, the hypothetical

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Jukka Koffert Department of Gastroenterology, Turunmaa Hospital, Turku, Finland
Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Henri Honka Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Jarmo Teuho Department of Gastroenterology, Turunmaa Hospital, Turku, Finland

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Saila Kauhanen Division of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

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Saija Hurme Institute of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Riitta Parkkola Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

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Vesa Oikonen Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Andrea Mari Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padua, Italy

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Andreas Lindqvist Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

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Nils Wierup Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

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Leif Groop Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden

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Pirjo Nuutila Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

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. Journal of Surgical Research 2000 93 182 – 196 . ( doi:10.1006/jsre.2000.5862 ) 5 Carlsson PO Jansson L. Disruption of insulin receptor signaling in endothelial cells shows the central role of an intact islet blood flow for in vivo beta

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Nese Cinar Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey

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Alper Gurlek Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey

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production in the VAT. Visfatin has insulin-mimicking/-sensitizing effects. Visfatin binds to the insulin receptor at a site distinct from insulin and exerts hypoglycemic effect by reducing glucose release from hepatocytes and stimulating glucose utilization

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A J Varewijck Erasmus MC, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Room D-443, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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A J van der Lely Erasmus MC, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Room D-443, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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S J C M M Neggers Erasmus MC, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Room D-443, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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S W J Lamberts Erasmus MC, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Room D-443, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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L J Hofland Erasmus MC, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Room D-443, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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J A M J L Janssen Erasmus MC, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Room D-443, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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-Klotho). S-Klotho is a protein that has been reported to inhibit IGF1R (and insulin receptor) signaling by inhibiting tyrosine phosphorylation of both receptors and their downstream signaling proteins (i.e. IRS) (5, 6, 7) . Acromegaly is characterized by

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Xingyan Liu Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, General Hospital of PLA Eastern Theater (Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command), Command, Nanjing, China

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Mei Xu Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, General Hospital of PLA Eastern Theater (Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command), Command, Nanjing, China

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Min Qian Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, General Hospital of PLA Eastern Theater (Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command), Command, Nanjing, China

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Lindong Yang Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, General Hospital of PLA Eastern Theater (Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command), Command, Nanjing, China

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, 33 ). Chen had identified insulin receptor (INSR), a strong PCOS candidate locus, played a crucial role in PCOS etiology via IR and metabolic syndrome-related pathways in Chinese women ( 17 ). However, no significant correlation was detected between

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Xiaolei Hu Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Fengling Chen Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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insulin in circulation and later dissociate from the insulin, allowing the activation of cellular insulin receptors and leading to unexpected hypoglycaemia ( 47 ). Other relationships In addition to the above-described clinical manifestations

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Yali Cheng Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Qiaoying Lv Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Bingying Xie Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Bingyi Yang Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Weiwei Shan Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Chengcheng Ning Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Bing Li Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Liying Xie Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Chao Gu Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Xuezhen Luo Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Xiaojun Chen Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Qin Zhu Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60408-4 23 Tamemoto H Kadowaki T Tobe K Yagi T Sakura H Hayakawa T Terauchi Y Ueki K Kaburagi Y Satoh S Insulin resistance and growth retardation in mice lacking insulin receptor

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Shane M Regnier Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Andrew G Kirkley University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Daniel Ruiz Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Chicago, Illinois, USA
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Wakanene Kamau University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Qian Wu Wadsworth Center, New York Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA

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Kurunthachalam Kannan Wadsworth Center, New York Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA

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Robert M Sargis Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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insulin receptor substrate-1 levels . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2012 1822 952 – 960 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.02.015 ) 22387882 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.02.015 20 Neel BA Brady MJ Sargis RM. The endocrine disrupting chemical

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Mireille N M van Poppel Institute of Human Movement Sciences, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Christopher J Nolan Department of Endocrinology at The Canberra Hospital and the Australian National University School of Medicine and Psychology, Canberra, ACT, Australia

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Gernot Desoye Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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insulin. In infants with Donohue syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterized by absence of insulin receptors, fetuses are also undergrown ( 48 ). The essential role of the pancreas for fetal growth is also shown by experimental pancreatectomy in sheep

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Karim Gariani Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland

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François R Jornayvaz Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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defect in the insulin receptor signal transduction has been suggested as there is no structural abnormality in the insulin receptor ( 79 ). Hyperandrogenism in PCOS is, therefore, a potential culprit in the development of NAFLD. Indeed, a recent meta

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