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Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine O, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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suggested as a causal role of developing type 2 diabetes: the lower the levels, the higher the risk (19) . PINP levels reflect collagen production during bone formation and have been previously shown to be elevated in hyperthyroid subjects (20) . Treating
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values, abnormal TSH values are more sensitive markers for early thyroid dysfunction including hypothyroidism as well as hyperthyroidism than the measurement of thyroid hormones values ( 9 ). Further, it has been reported that thyroid function is
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/1,000,000 ( 1 , 2 ). MAS is defined historically as the triad of peripheral precocious puberty (PP), café-au-lait skin pigmentation and fibrous dysplasia (FD) of the bone ( 3 ). Other associated hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies include hyperthyroidism, growth
Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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between visits 2 and 3, and one became hyperthyroid, probably due to the presence of thyroid receptor antibodies but returned to euthyroidism at visit 3 without antithyroid medication. The mean daily dose of levothyroxine at visit 3, not including the
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), we hypothesized that subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with an increased LA pressure. It is well known that hyperthyroidism often causes atrial fibrillation (AF) ( 1 , 2 ), and recently, a study ( 10 ) has provided evidence supporting the
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of fracture, independently from BMD ( 36 , 37 ), as often seen in some endocrine disorders, namely acromegaly, Cushing’s disease, hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism ( 38 , 39 , 40 ). Another classical example is glucocorticoid
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: ‘sarcoidosis’ in combination with the terms ‘thyroid disease’, ‘thyroiditis’, ‘thyroid antibody’, ‘hypothyroidism’, or ‘hyperthyroidism’. The search period was set between 1980 and 2022. We simultaneously traced the references of the collected relevant
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Introduction Graves' disease (GD), also known as an organ-specific autoimmune disorder, is characterized by high radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) and hyperthyroidism ( 1 ). Excessive production of thyroid hormones results in a substantially
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
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School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Department of Clinical Nutrition, Landspitali-National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Goldman School of Medicine, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Frölunda Specialist Hospital, Västra Frölunda, Sweden
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Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Wallenberg Centre of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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. Iodine deficiency is associated with adverse outcomes ranging from severe mental retardation and stunting to goiter/thyroid nodules and hyperthyroidism ( 8 ). However, the window of adequate iodine intake is narrow, hence, iodine excess may increase the
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> 4.0 µIU/mL) with thyroid autoantibody negativity in the first trimester of pregnancy. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (i) a history of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, (ii) subclinical hyperthyroidism or hyperthyroidism, (iii