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Introduction Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by decrease in bone mass and damage to the microstructure of bone tissue, resulting in increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture ( 1 ). Pain due to osteoporosis
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eventually result in osteomalacia. Due to its rarity, the diagnosis of TIO is delayed with the average time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis being more than 2.5 years ( 1 ). As a result, patients often present in a debilitated state with multiple fractures
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First Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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First Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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first case of the fragility fracture, (iv) the first renal colic associated with urolithiasis. The duration was calculated until the last surgery related visit. PHPT was diagnosed by laboratory tests (elevated iPTH, high or normal level of serum total or
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Introduction Osteoporosis is a major health burden worldwide, causing 8.9 million fractures per year ( 1 ). The increased risk of fractures primarily affects older people ( 2 ) and postmenopausal women ( 3 ) and is often associated with poor
Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Genetics and Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Unit for Thrombosis Research, Hospital of South West Jutland and University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
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Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Unit for Thrombosis Research, Hospital of South West Jutland and University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
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syndrome are some factors that potentially decrease BMD. A Danish registry study found an eight-fold increased risk of osteoporosis and a 1.4-fold increased risk of fractures ( 8 ). Assessing BMD using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed
Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, China
Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, China
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Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, China
Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, China
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Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, China
Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, China
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Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Zhejiang, China
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Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, China
Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, China
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Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, China
Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, China
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Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, China
Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, China
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Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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by hypercalcemia. Typical symptoms are mainly musculoskeletal (bone pain, fracture), urological (urolithiasis, polyuria, and hematuria), gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite), and neuropsychiatric (fatigue, dizziness, and
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Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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hypogonadism and HRT use, type of HRT use, vitamin D status, estrogen, and androgen levels, history of bone fractures and family history of osteoporosis. Furthermore, in addition to the lack of a healthy control group in our study, there is also no population
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Department of Physical Therapy and Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Sergipe, The GREAT Group (GRupo de Estudos em ATividade física), Sergipe, Brazil
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Department of Physical Therapy and Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Sergipe, The GREAT Group (GRupo de Estudos em ATividade física), Sergipe, Brazil
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Department of Physical Therapy and Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Sergipe, The GREAT Group (GRupo de Estudos em ATividade física), Sergipe, Brazil
Department of Physical Therapy and Neuroscience, Wertheims’ College of Nursing and Health Science, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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, farming and domestic work ( 13 ). Although these subjects report higher prevalence of dizziness ( 14 ), they are not prone to fractures even at advanced ages ( 15 ). They also have normal quality of life ( 16 ) and longevity ( 17 ). Recently, we have shown
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, spinal compression, pathologic fractures and hypercalcemia ( 7 , 9 ). In recent years, a growing interest has been directed to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of them, and despite this, the data in this regard are still scarce. Our aim was to
Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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found diminished bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of vertebral fractures in subjects with Klinefelter syndrome ( 18 , 19 , 20 ). Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) increases BMD in men with Klinefelter syndrome ( 21 , 22 ), but there