Fujian Maternal-Fetal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Fuzhou, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
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Fujian Maternal-Fetal Clinical Medicine Research Center, Fuzhou, China
Fujian Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
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). Mitochondria are important organelles that play a crucial role in energy production, metabolism, and cell apoptosis. Mitochondrial dynamics, including mitochondrial fusion and fission, are essential for maintaining normal mitochondrial function. Moreover
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an important role in cellular proliferation ( 4 ), differentiation, apoptosis ( 5 ), angiogenesis ( 6 ) and metastasis ( 7 ). All these processes may regulate the development and progression of cancer. A number of researches have been done to
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Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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macrophages and reduced switch into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. (4) The network of osteocytes is reduced due to an increased apoptosis rate. They increase their expression of sclerostin, an inhibitor of osteoblast function, and RANKL, a promoter of
Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
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Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
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Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
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Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
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Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
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Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
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Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
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proliferation of osteoblasts through inhibiting the expression of Runx2 and Osterix (Runx2 and Osterix are key transcriptional regulators of osteoblast differentiation) but also negatively affect their activity, viability, and apoptosis, resulting in a decrease
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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beneficial effects in various cardiovascular diseases ( 12 ). For instance, in rat model of PE, RESV was reported to reduce blood pressure ( 13 ), as well as inhibit trophoblast apoptosis through oxidative stress ( 14 ). In a pregnant mouse model with reduced
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hyperthyroid animals. Excessive TH signaling is known to induce cell apoptosis in several cell lines through the activation of different mechanisms ( 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ). On the other hand, several studies have demonstrated that the presence of HK bound to
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or thyroxine; TRAMP, transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate. TRH, thyrotropin releasing hormone; VEGFA, vascular endothelial growth factor; XIAP, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis. Prostate pathologies Benign prostate
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fibrosis in T2DM mice. Studies have found that with the development of T2DM, renal tissue will appear obvious fibrosis in the later stage, while hyperglycemia leads to internal environmental inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, which increases the
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of the male offspring's reproductive organs ( 4 ). In animal models, prenatal stress led to apoptosis of testicular cells and reduced sperm quality and fertility in offspring rats ( 5 ). Maternal stress in sheep during late pregnancy affects sperm
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA); PDGF-AB/BB; transforming growth factor-α (TGFA); tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFA); TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL/TNFSF10); and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Statistics Data processing and