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Aglaia Kyrilli Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.) - Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Bernard Corvilain Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.) - Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Sofie Bliddal Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital (Hvidovre Hospital), Hvidovre, Denmark

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Dorthe Hansen Precht Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
Carelink Nærhospital, Roskilde, Denmark

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Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Clinical Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Kris Poppe Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Introduction Thyroid autoimmunity (TAI), defined as the presence of increased levels of circulating thyroid antibodies (anti thyroperoxidase (TPOAb) and/or anti-thyroglobulin (TgAb) antibodies), may be present in up to 1−17% of pregnant women

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Avinaash Maharaj Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Ruth Kwong Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Jack Williams Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Christopher Smith Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Helen Storr Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Ruth Krone Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK

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Debora Braslavsky Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas ‘Dr. Cesar Bergadá’ (CEDIE) – CONICET – FEI – División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños ‘Ricardo Gutiérrez’, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Maria Clemente Paediatric Endocrinology, Growth and Development Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Vall d’Hebron, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain

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Nanik Ram Department of Endocrinology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

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Indraneel Banerjee Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, UK

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Semra Çetinkaya Health Sciences University, Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Children’s Health and Disease Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Federica Buonocore Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK

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Tülay Güran Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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John C Achermann Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK

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Louise Metherell Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Rathi Prasad Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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trimester onwards. Hypospadias is not a reported clinical feature to date. Biochemical evaluations revealed raised basal gonadotrophins (LH and FSH), an exaggerated response to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) stimulation, impaired testosterone

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Ashley N Reeb Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

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Andrea Ziegler Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

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Reigh-Yi Lin Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

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differentiation markers thyroglobulin ( TG ), thyroperoxidase ( TPO ), sodium-iodide symporter ( NIS ), or the receptor for thyroid stimulating hormone ( TSHR ) ( Fig. 1B ), confirming the dedifferentiated state of these human FTC cell lines. Figure 1

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Wei Sun Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China

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Boyuan Zheng Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China

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Zhihong Wang Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China

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Wenwu Dong Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China

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Yuan Qin Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China

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Hao Zhang Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China

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studies have reported benefits of PCLND in patients with cN0. For example, PCLDN can help to accurately diagnose tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging, help decide on the use of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression therapy or radioactive iodine (RAI

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Qinglei Yin Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Guangdong Geriatric Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China

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Zhou Jin Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yulin Zhou Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Dalong Song Guangdong Geriatric Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China

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Chenyang Fu Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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FengJiao Huang Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China

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Shu Wang Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Introduction Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that bind to and stimulate the thyrotropin receptor, resulting in hyperthyroidism and goiter ( 1 ). It is suggested that the

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Alessandro Brancatella Endocrine Unit 1, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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Claudio Marcocci Endocrine Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

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of treatment is to replace thyroid function but, in the latter condition, an additional aim is to keep the serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) at the lower limit of the normal range and possibly below (TSH suppressive therapy) to improve the

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Laszlo Samson Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Ildiko Hircsu Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Monika Katko Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Miklos Bodor Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Annamaria Gazdag Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Andrea Anett Gazso Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Bela Kovacs Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Janos Posta Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Eszter Balogh Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Peter Mocsary Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Harjit Pal Bhattoa Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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Endre V Nagy Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

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metabolism: the level of thyroxine-binding globulin increases in response to elevated oestrogen levels, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors (TSHR) are stimulated by human chorionic gonadotropin, thyroid hormone and iodine are transported towards the foetus

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Xuechao Jiang Scientific Research Center, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Yonghui Wang Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Xiaoying Li Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Leqi He Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Qian Yang Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Wei Wang Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Jun Liu Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Bingbing Zha Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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components of the thyroid, including thyroglobulin (TG), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) ( 2 , 3 ). TSHR autoantibodies mimic the function of TSH and lead to uncontrolled thyroid hormone production and

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Kinnaree Sorapipatcharoen Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Thipwimol Tim-Aroon Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Pat Mahachoklertwattana Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Wasun Chantratita Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Nareenart Iemwimangsa Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Insee Sensorn Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Bhakbhoom Panthan Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Poramate Jiaranai Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Saisuda Noojarern Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Patcharin Khlairit Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Sarunyu Pongratanakul Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Chittiwat Suprasongsin Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Manassawee Korwutthikulrangsri Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Chutintorn Sriphrapradang Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Preamrudee Poomthavorn Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. CH was diagnosed based on the findings of elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and low free thyroxine (FT 4 ) concentrations on

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Camila Aparecida Moma Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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Icléia Siqueira Barreto Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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Ligia Vera Montali Assumpção Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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Denise Engelbrecht Zantut-Wittmann Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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still evidence of biochemical and/or structural disease). The incomplete biochemical response was defined as suppressed thyroglobulin (Tg) levels > 1 ng/mL, TSH-stimulated Tg > 10 ng/mL or rising anti-Tg antibody levels in the absence of structural

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