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Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism ( 1 ). It is often accompanied by insulin resistance ( 2 ) and abnormal lipid profile ( 3 , 4 ). Several studies have shown that
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prevent and/or treat a number of metabolic disorders related to IR, such as the metabolic syndrome ( 4 , 5 ), gestational diabetes mellitus ( 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ) and the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) ( 11 , 12 , 13 ). PCOS is a heterogeneous
Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Medicine-Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Diabetes and Endocrine Units, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 8–13% of women of reproductive age ( 1 ) has major metabolic (increased type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular risk factors) ( 2 , 3 , 4 ), reproductive (leading cause of
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Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a multifaceted, ever-changing disease, constitutes a common disorder in women of reproductive age. The standard view is that during the first decades of reproductive life, hyperandrogenic symptoms
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Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Introduction Reproductive disorders, such as premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), are associated with hormonal and metabolic changes, which can impact changes in bone density (BD). Women with POI are at
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). Infertility is a complex disorder with significant medical, psychosocial and economic aspects ( 7 ), which affects about 15% of couples ( 8 ). One major cause of female infertility is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Women affected by PCOS frequently suffer
The Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kettering, UK
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Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
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Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
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Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
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The Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
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The Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
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Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine condition in women of reproductive age with a reported prevalence of up to 18% ( 1 ). Symptoms of PCOS include excess hair, irregular/absent periods and infertility
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Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an androgen disorder and ovarian dysfunction disease in women of reproductive age. PCOS is responsible for more than 90% of adult and adolescent hyperandrogenism ( 1 , 2 ). The pathogenesis of
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Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disease in women of childbearing age, with an estimated global prevalence of 4–21% ( 1 ). PCOS is a heterogeneous disease that is clinically characterized by oligo
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Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen, China
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Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent endocrine–metabolic disorder afflicting women of reproductive age ( 1 ). It is associated with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological disorders including anovulatory